Sociology - Family Essay - 640 Words

In this essay I will examine the reasons for the changes in the birth rate and family size since 1900. Since the 1900 there have been changes in the state polices, changes in attitudes and changes in our living standards which have led to unbalanced changes in birth rates and family size. Firstly in the early 1900’s there was no health service and a poor quality of life and there had been an industrial revolution know has industrialization which had meant that many workers and their families had left their homes and extended families to live in houses that were crammed together along narrow streets, poorly built, and incredibly crowded. Whole families were packed into attics, cellars, or single rooms which caused many diseases. This had†¦show more content†¦This caused controversy between religion and social trends, as Catholics are strictly against abortion and believe that children are a â€Å"God’s Gift† and there was still a social stigma surrounding abortion amp; contraception yet in recent years there has been a decline in religion so it’s be come socially acpectable. A few sociologists are led to believe that feminism is the main cause of decline in the birth rate and family size in recent years and fail to acknowledge cultural differences and ethnic diversity. For example studies have shown Afro-Caribbean’s that have migrated to the UK, prefer not to live with men which has led to a slight increase in lone parent households amp; south Asian families tend to have bigger families (extended family) and tend to get married earlier then white people which means they are far more likely to have children at an earlier age the British white. In conclusion there are many reasons for both the increase and decrease of birth rates and family size and there is just a single reason behind the complete changes from 1900 to present. As the as the mode of production changed so did people’s attitudes, state policies amp; living standards which have caused both the increase amp; decrease ofShow MoreRelatedEssay about sociology and the family1732 Words   |  7 Pagesvariety of family and household types. You will be required to reference your work throughout and produce a correct and current bibliography to demonstrate that you have used different sources to obtain your information. Sociology and the Family The Nuclear Family generally consists of a Mother, a Father and at least 1 child, this image of a family is thought to of come about at the time of the Industrial Revolution. (Willmott and Young) believe that an increase in the Nuclear Family was theRead MoreApplied Sociology Within the Family Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesApplied Sociology within the Family Applied sociology is a part of everyday life. Families experience sociological changes when parents get divorced, a new job is taken, or they get discriminated against. Most people may not think of family as a small society, micro level society, within itself. All families have a hierarchy of power beginning with the head of the household which tends to be the father. The way a family forms its own small society is interesting. Family roles have change dramaticallyRead MoreA Study Of Human Social Relationships And Organisations Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagessociological thinkers and to conclude my essay I will discuss brieftly my personal prepective from carring out my research for this topic. 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His interests and pastimes will also be included. â€Æ' Introduction William Graham Sumner was an AmericanRead MoreSocial Perspectives On Education And The Sociology Of Education1273 Words   |  6 PagesPerspectives in Education Assessment 2 - Essay TANUWIJAYA, Wirya Z3483970 Why is it important and/or helpful for initial teacher educators such as yourself, to learn about, and learn to use, ideas from the sociology of education? Social influences on educational outcomes and the social nature of education structures of the past and present exemplify how social institutions can affect education perceived by individuals. This can also be defined as the sociology of education; a study of education systemsRead MorePsychological Perspectives On Studying Juvenile Delinquency And Disorder Behavior1642 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will compare and contrast some psychological and sociological approaches to studying juvenile delinquency and disorder behaviour. The question is what makes people behave disorderly. Youth disorderly behaviours are studied using different approaches including psychological and sociological approaches. Both psychological and sociological approaches to studying juvenile delinquency are necessary. This essay starts with outlining and defining disorderly behaviour and juvenile delinquencyRead MoreChanges from the 1960s1143 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay is on how much the family has chang ed since the 1960s. This essay will contain the definitions and variations of the family and how they have changed. There will also be details of the differences of theoretical perspectives. There are many types of families; the most common family group is a nuclear family consisting of two adults of both sexes whom are in a sexual relationship, with children either biological or adopted. They must cohabitate in the same house hold and share incomeRead MoreThe Battle with Social Class773 Words   |  4 Pagesof a person in your life, and between generations is the movement of a person in relation to the generation of their parents. Given the intergenerational social mobility when a person is born into a family under your chances of reaching a class of higher status would be less than a child born in a family of high class because of differences in income and parent education would be available to him. Today, in some countries, some governments have implemented a system that tries to help young childrenRead MoreRaising a Global Kid in Today’s Modern Society949 Words   |  4 PagesRaising a Global Kid in today’s Modern Society Peter L. Berger, a renowned American sociologist perceives the study of Sociology as believing that the world is not what it appears to be1, whereby sociology explores the mere surface of social issues plaguing the world today. Studying sociology will see oneself analysing the relationship between an individual and social structures established in the world today, and therefore the possibility of making change in society based upon these drawn relationshipsRead MoreSocietys Construction of Reality Essay711 Words   |  3 PagesSocietys Construction of Reality Many times sociologists speak about the social construction of reality and are never truly understood. In this essay I will try to explain what they mean. Renowned social analyst W.I. Thomas once made this statement: If men define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences. What Thomas is stating is that man, his actions and reactions shape reality. This statement holds truth in it. It can be said that we as people change the world through

How Lisa Woodruff Transformed Her Organizational Skills...

Show Notes – Episode 047 Guest – Lisa Woodruff How Lisa Woodruff Transformed Her Organizational Skills Into A Successful Business If you create the order in your home, your children and husband will follow along. Even if they initially say No, I don t want to get things organized , if you start organizing, they will follow right along, right into the Sunday basket. Main Content In this episode of The Lifestyle Income Show, we talk with Lisa Woodruff, a successful mompreneur who took her organizational skills to the next level of becoming a professional organizer. Lisa happily states ‘I am proudly unemployable’. She tried forever to work for other people. She was a teacher, tutor, and had even tried working for entrepreneurial type ventures like direct sales (as in many direct sales companies), and a whole bunch of different businesses. The year she turned 40 there was so much happening in her personal life, professional life, in the economy. She realized that she has been working for 20 years and has been successful during all her ventures, but ‘why am I doing so many things’, ‘what is the one thing that really makes me unique, that I could help other people do, and I could do whatever this thing is for the rest of my life’. It took her a couple of years to figure out what that thing was. Lisa has always passionate about was being ‘organized’. Helping people get organized was the one thing that made her happy, hence she she started her own organization business calledShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagesundeniably uncertainty associated with valuation. Often that uncertainty comes from the asset being valued, though the valuation model may add to that uncertainty. This chapter lays out a philosophical basis for valuation, together with a discussion of how valuation is or can be used in a variety of frameworks, from portfolio management to corporate finance. A philosophical basis for valuation It was Oscar Wilde who described a cynic as one who â€Å"knows the price of everything, but the value of nothing†

Capital One Free Essays

One had accumulated huge amounts of data during so many years. It is clear that they had enough data that will be the source data for the data arouses; a part of the operational layer. Another important part of this layer is the performance, it has to have a minimal impact in their system, and Capital One had dozen of analytics doing thousands of test and as a result of those tests, they were creating files that needed to be stored and also needed to be accessed. We will write a custom essay sample on Capital One or any similar topic only for you Order Now Layer. Hat reflected in the creation of files that needed to be stored and at the same time been accessed, the performance had to reflected a minimum impact on the , the creation of files that need to be stored Also, in this layer, it has to be insider to have a minimal impact In order for capital One to use their huge amount of data , First of all , Capital One had a huge amount of data. The data that Capital One had was stored in It was clear that Capital One n Thudded to use its huge amount of data in a better manner. By using data In Cuba they call it ‘The Crisis of October, here in the USA we call it â€Å"the Cuban Missile Crisis†. It was 50 years ago when the world stood still. There was the possibility Of a nuclear war, it seemed to be imminent. An American spy plane was flying over Cuba when it snapped aerial photographs of Soviet sessile sites that had the ability to strike most of the United States. Those missiles were only 90 miles away. The Soviets had never installed any missiles outside Soviet territory until now, and they were in Cuba. It seemed that Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, felt that the US would do little to resist Soviet Expansion in Cuba, since US had to cut all ties with Cuba due to its embraced to communism. What was the real reason for those missiles? Were the Soviets trying to alter the perceptions of the balance of power? Were they trying to protect the Cuban communist regime against an US threat? Were they really meant to not commit any aggression on the US? Nobody knows the real reason, although some people think that the introduction of those ballistic missiles into Cuba was a strategy from the Soviets to equalize the balance of power. They were hoping that this move would bolster their strategic military power and diplomatic political strength. Let’s remember that these two powerful countries have always been in a political contest. With this change of the Soviet military position they could even entice Latin Americans to embrace Soviet Communism, but the US did see the deployment of missiles in Cuba as a violation of international law. It Was a serious blow to the US. It was a deliberate political challenge to its leadership. A month previous to this crisis, Kennedy warned the Soviets that if any missiles were sneaked into Cuba a conflict will arise, so we can imagine that Kennedy’s reaction to the discovery of the missiles was tough; it create a very tense relation between the USA and the Soviets. It was very clear that Kennedy was deceived by the Soviets. There were many public statements that made him believe there wasn’t even the slightest intention of the Soviets to install any offensive armaments in Cuba. Even the Soviet ambassador to the United States, Anatoly Dobbin had inform Kennedy that the equipment being shipped to Cuba was for defensive purposes and did not represent any threat to the US. Kennedy had to act quick and firmly due to the political pressure and also to prevent a desalination of the balance of power, plus another reason; the elections were approaching, he had to get the missiles out of Cuba (â€Å"About the Crisis,† 2012). At this point, Kennedy believed that if the Soviet Union made the move, then they will get political advantage in its global struggle with the United States because it would blow the international prestige of the USA and, at the same time, strengthen the Soviet position in the Communist world. According to the transcripts from the Coxcomb tapes and the writings, Kennedy was also worried about Khrushchev challenge on the public opinion in Europe and all Latin America, he believed that he had to take actions against the Soviet union or they would think that he wont take any actions elsewhere. Kennedy announced quarantine as their first step in order to avoid any further introduction of more arms into Cuba. At the same time, an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council to back up the LOS in order to seek a dismantling and withdrawal Of the missiles in Cuba, all these under the supervision of the united Nations observers and a call for a convening of the AS (Organization of American States). Kennedy indicated that if the quarantine failed, then further actions will be justified. He was very clear in his speech; he said that the American forces were ready for al eventualities. At this point, Khrushchev realized that the US was ready to take any actions in order to get the missiles out of Cuba. Even though the quarantine seemed extreme and put a lot of pressure on the Soviets, it was also a smart decision, he was trying to create minimum risk of a possible war. There were other responses that the CSS could’ve use in this situation, but this was the most flexible to take. They could’ve gone for an air strike or an invasion, but this choice left a room for the Soviets to reconsider and take off the Island all their offensive equipment. We can see that it was a very smart decision, a decision taken in a very diplomatic way. It gave both parties enough time to weigh their decisions before moving to the next step (Hansen, 2007). Khrushchev knew that the tensions between the two powers were at its high and any escalation could’ve led to a disastrous confrontation. Instead, Khrushchev agreed to the US demands to dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba under the supervision of the United Nations, and in return the US made an agreement to never invade Cuba. How to cite Capital One, Papers Capital One Free Essays Capital One is on a daily mission to improve its services. It was founded on the belief that ‘the power of information, technology and testing could be harnessed to bring highly customized financial products directly to consumers’. It surely have gained its customers’ loyalty through their experience in handling clients in preceding years and it surely have emerged into one of America’s largest consumer franchises. We will write a custom essay sample on Capital One or any similar topic only for you Order Now Capital One achieved many goals and gained many awards some of them are the following: * Ranked #148 on the Fortune 500   Ranked #15 by AON Hewitt Associates and FORTUNE magazine on â€Å"Top Companies for Leaders† list * Ranked on the annual InformationWeek 500 list of America’s most innovative users of information technology * Ranked Training magazine’s Top 125 companies for employer-sponsored workforce training and development * Listed on 2011 â€Å"350 World’s Most Admired Companies† by FORTUNE magazine * Named â€Å"Bank of Year 2011 – United States† by The Banker * Capital One ranked #23 on the â€Å"Leadership 500† (2011 Best in Leadership Development) by Leadership Excellence From those few awards mentioned above, it is clearly seen that this bank stressed on information technology development, a continuous improvement and its reputable status. It proved that it knows its customers and their needs and acted upon it. Capital One added value to its services by tailoring its customers’ needs; by knowing their customers they delivered ‘the right product, at the right price, to the right customer at the right time’. It enhanced its online servicing capabilities and offered its customers a various range of services. When entering its website you can go through the customer service page and see how they manage all of your requests through his online banking process. They offer managing your account online, paying your credit card bills, checking your last transactions, checking your balance, transferring funds, paying your bills, etc. and it’s all done online easily, quickly, and secured. All the above information made capital one a success, they added value to their services, they reduced their costs and in addition their clients’ costs, they managed the risks by knowing their customers, and finally created a new reality with their new and innovative products, services and business ideas. We can only wait for more improvements and new ideas to make businesses more efficient and easy to handle. How to cite Capital One, Papers

Disease of Parkinson-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about Parkinsons Disease. Answer: Introduction Parkinsons disease is a movement disorder, associated with degeneration of neurons in the Central Nervous System In this case study, John Magill, a 75 year old male has been admitted to the hospital following a fall at home. He has been diagnosed with Parkinsons disease and suffering from the same for the past five years that caused generalized tremors and diminished mobility. Upon admission, he complained of hip and back pain. An X-ray analysis revealed no fractures in lower limbs. However, sustained generalized bruising was observed in hips and buttocks alongside skin tear in right hip. Johns vital parameters were found to be within normal range with the exception of respiratory rate that might have escalated due to suddenness of the situation following fall. The normal breathing rate for a person falls within the range of 14-20 that deviated for John (Wallin, 2013). A thorough analysis of his medical records reveals that he is under medications for the chronic ailment condition. F urther acquisition of his social information represented that he is dependent on his wife who takes care of him and she herself is survived with multiple myeloma like disease condition. Moreover he is also found to be a non-smoker and on raer occasions indulge in drinking alcohol. Causes of Parkinsons disease A combination of neurological, genetic and environmental factors is responsible for manifestation of the disease. A neurotransmitter dopamine is present in the corpus striatum and substantia nigra regions of the basal ganglia. It produces controlled movements. Loss of motor activity in the disease occurs due to loss of dopamine producing cells from the substantia nigra. This reduces the amounts fo dopamine. The reduction in the levels of the neurotransmitter hinders effective communication between the two regions of the basal ganglia (Benazzouz et al., 2014). This leads to movement impairment. Some genetic mutations are also associated with prevalence of the disease. Several research studies have provided evidence for the association of mutations in the PINK1, parkin, DJ-1 and LRRK2 genes with Parkinsons disease (Sanders et al., 2014). Certain environmental factors like exposure to pesticides and toxins also predispose a person to the disease. Risk factors related to health condition Several risk factors have been distinctly linked with the onset of Parkinsons disease. Some of them are heredity, age, toxin exposure and sex. Prevalence of the disease in a close relative increases the likelihood of getting affected with the condition. The disease rarely develops in young adults. It is more common ion advanced age beyond 60 years. The disease conditions worsen as the age progresses (Reeve, Simcox Turnbull, 2014). Research has shown that men are more likely to get affected with the disease than females. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to pesticides, herbicides and other toxins may also increase the risk of the disease. Clinical manifestations of health condition Parkinsons disease is a progressive neurological degeneration, the symptoms of which worsen as the disease advances. Tremor in hands is common manifestation of the disease with additional symptoms related to stiffness, slow movement and loss of balance. Tremors in limbs, hands or due to postural difficulties might occur. Cognitive impairments might occur, depicted through difficulty in understanding, thinking, amnesia and dementia like condition. Till date no specific diagnostic examination has been put forth to detect the disease. However, neurological examinations are routinely performed to detect the disease. In case a person exhibits any two of the symptoms associated with rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia or slow and retarded movement, the presence of Parkinsonism is usually confirmed (Adler Beach, 2016). Physical assessment of health condition Physical assessment studies confirm that the essential feature of Parkinsonism is display of tremor at rest. Muscular stiffness in combination with contraction lead to rigidity in the muscles. Other diagnostic symptoms are body fatigue, sleep disturbances, speech impairment and masked facial expression. Certain sensory disturbances like depression or anxiety related mood disorders and urine inconsistency may also occur. The handwriting of the affected person gets changed (Micrographia). Other related symptoms encompass swallowing difficulty, constipation, weight loss and falls (that lead to injury). Some physical examinations also reveal the presence of oily skin and postural hypotension in patients. (Lee Koh,2015). Medical management of health condition Treatment concerning Parkinsonism is often related to relieving the signs and symptoms of the disease rather than focusing on eliminating the chief causes. It may be achieved in the following three ways: Pharmacological: Restoration of supply of dopamine neurotransmitter to the brain is promoted through administration of certain medications that include drugs like Levodopa, Benzhexol (Artnae), Selegiline (Eldepryl) and others. Following prolonged application of the drug, potency of the drug might be decreased and side effects might occur that may be reverted on withdrawing the medicine for some time and restarting the drug regime at later hour (Agndez et al., 2013). Non-pharmacological: Non-drug therapies are significant in providing treatment. These interventions include educating and counselling the caregivers and the patients. Information is generally provided on drugs like riswperidone, metoclopramide and prochlorperazine, which should be avoided owing to their dopamine blocking activity. Physiotherapy and physical training programs are promoted among patients to increase their fitness, gait, posture and wellbeing (Bloem, de Vries Ebersbach, 2015). Surgical: Deep brain stimulation approach is directed to stimulate through delivery of specific current and cause destruction of the brain tissues that are responsible for generating abnormal functions through placement of electrodes in areas such as thalamus or subthalamic nuclei or globus pallidus (Szlufik et al., 2016). Another novel technique include the introduction of human foetal dopamine cell transplants in the basal ganglia region to induce the production of viable dopamine producing cells to the brain (Hallett et al., 2015). More recently repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy is utilized to apply the magnetic field strength for stimulating the nerve cells in the brain for the purpose of improving the symptoms of the disease (Flamez et al., 2016) Nursing Care Plan Nursing Diagnosis Goal Intervention Rationale Evaluation Impaired speech with soft voice that causes the slurring of speech making it incoherent and difficult to understand Improved response for better communication and expression of thoughts Introduction of speech improvement exercises Customized speech therapy program in consultation with the speech therapist through referral Analysis of the efficiency of treatment on speech impairment progression through examination of text reading, syllable repetition, phonation and monologs (Rusz et al., 2013). Improvement in voice quality, pitch, variability and articulation was observed after 2 years of the therapy. Restricted mobility due to tremors Improved mobility Educating the patient to maintain erect posture with feet separated and arms swinging Observation of simple stretching and strengthening exercises such as walking, performing aerobic exercise and swimming Conscious efforts to maintain normal gait minimize the chance of loss of balance and fall Complications and adversities such as pain and loss of coordination due to Parkinsonism may be curtailed following exercise regime (Rafferty et al., 2017) Slight but significant improvement in mobility is noticed within 1 week Discharge Plan A proper discharge plan for John will cater to addressing the essential needs pertinent to his condition. Management and effective operation of the activities of daily living must be ensured through proper education and cascading of information to the patient as well as his caregiver at home. John must be made aware of the precautions he needs to take to prevent further fall accidents. He must be taught to adhere to the prescribed medications and conform to proper diet to maintain his health and wellbeing. A written chart may be provided to him mentioning the schedule of taking the medicines for ease of understanding. It is also imperative to keep the home environment proper so that hazards and risks may be avoided largely. Small renovations should be made to assist the patients. Such changes include removal of any potential obstacles form the room that can lead to a fall, having nonslip mats in bathrooms, installing more lights in the house and building railings along the walls to h elp the patient maintain balance (Canning et al., 2015). Expert opinion and customized recommendations from concerned experts related to maintenance of mobility, diet and speech may be sought from physical therapist, dietician and speech therapist respectively. Conclusion Parkinsons disease is referred to as a debilitating neuro-degenerative disease that exacerbates with progressive age. Tremors in the limbs are the commonest detectable symptoms of the disease although the root cause has not yet been unraveled. Restricted mobility significantly thwarts daily activities of the patient thereby posing challenges to his quality of life. Therefore, conduct of proper nursing diagnosis to drive necessary interventions is imperative to offer prudent treatment options for the concerned patient. Moreover, comprehensive discharge plan might render benefits by suggesting strict compliance to prescribed medications, conforming to personal care, safety and seeking intervention from allied healthcare experts that in turn will aid in holistic improvement of the patient. References Adler, C. H., Beach, T. G. (2016). Neuropathological basis of nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease.Movement Disorders,31(8), 1114-1119. Agndez, J. A., Garca-Martn, E., Alonso-Navarro, H., Jimnez-Jimnez, F. J. (2013). Anti-Parkinson's disease drugs and pharmacogenetic considerations.Expert opinion on drug metabolism toxicology,9(7), 859-874. Benazzouz, A., Mamad, O., Abedi, P., Bouali-Benazzouz, R., Chetrit, J. (2014). Involvement of dopamine loss in extrastriatal basal ganglia nuclei in the pathophysiology of Parkinsons disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience,6. Bloem, B. R., de Vries, N. M., Ebersbach, G. (2015). Nonpharmacological treatments for patients with Parkinson's disease.Movement Disorders,30(11), 1504-1520. Canning, C. G., Sherrington, C., Lord, S. R., Close, J. C., Heritier, S., Heller, G. Z., ... O'Rourke, S. D. (2015). Exercise for falls prevention in Parkinson disease A randomized controlled trial.Neurology,84(3), 304-312. Flamez, A., Cordenier, A., De Raedt, S., Michiels, V., Smetcoren, S., Van Merhaegen-Wieleman, A., ... Baeken, C. (2016). Bilateral low frequency rTMS of the primary motor cortex may not be a suitable treatment for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in late stage Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism related disorders,22, 62-67. Hallett, P. J., Deleidi, M., Astradsson, A., Smith, G. A., Cooper, O., Osborn, T. M., ... Schumacher, J. M. (2015). Successful function of autologous iPSC-derived dopamine neurons following transplantation in a non-human primate model of Parkinsons disease.Cell stem cell,16(3), 269-274. Lee, H. M., Koh, S. B. (2015). Many faces of Parkinsons disease: non-motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease.Journal of movement disorders,8(2), 92. Rafferty, M. R., Schmidt, P. N., Luo, S. T., Li, K., Marras, C., Davis, T. L., ... Simuni, T. (2017). Regular exercise, quality of life, and mobility in Parkinsons disease: a longitudinal analysis of national parkinson foundation quality improvement initiative data.Journal of Parkinson's disease,7(1), 193-202. Reeve, A., Simcox, E., Turnbull, D. (2014). Ageing and Parkinson's disease: why is advancing age the biggest risk factor?.Ageing research reviews,14, 19-30. Rusz, J., ?mejla, R., R?Ã… ¾i?kov, H., Klemp?, J., Majerov, V., Picmausov, J., ... R?Ã… ¾i?ka, E. (2013). Evaluation of speech impairment in early stages of Parkinsons disease: a prospective study with the role of pharmacotherapy.Journal of Neural Transmission,120(2), 319-329. Sanders, L. H., Laganire, J., Cooper, O., Mak, S. K., Vu, B. J., Huang, Y. A., ... Langston, J. W. (2014). LRRK2 mutations cause mitochondrial DNA damage in iPSC-derived neural cells from Parkinson's disease patients: reversal by gene correction.Neurobiology of disease,62, 381-386. Szlufik, S., Szumilas, M., Dutkiewicz, J., Koziorowski, D., Mandat, T., Slubowska, E. (2016). The impact of STN DBS on kinetic tremor in Parkinsons disease patients.Parkinsonism Related Disorders,22, e109-e110. Takizawa, C., Gemmell, E., Kenworthy, J., Speyer, R. (2016). A systematic review of the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke, Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, head injury, and pneumonia.Dysphagia,31(3), 434-441. Wallin, B. G. (2013). Intraneural recordings of normal and abnormal sympathetic activity in humans.Autonomic Failure: A Textbook of Clinical Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System, 323-331.

Culture Ruled By Social Norms Essays - Social Psychology, Conformity

Culture Ruled By Social Norms Our culture is ruled by social norms. In America it is expected that we abide by these unwritten laws. Whether viewed by a small group of people or society as a whole, breaking such guidelines could have devastating effects. I choose to do my experiment with the least intimate group of people; total strangers. I feel that testing a norm that is shared by society, as a whole is the only effective way to understand peoples responds. It is customary to go to the end of the line; a norm violation would be to cut in front of people that have been waiting. I did this in very open, public places to record the sanctions people place on me. I did this with total strangers because with a more intimate group one might not get the same caliper of a responds. Often, people who are friends will let them join in line. Rarely do strangers allow someone to break in line, especially when not asked. The following observations and analysis are a result from informal sanctions placed on people who break social norms. To understand the reactions and behaviors of the people, one has to know why they picked that group of population. In two of my experiments, I purposely pick people of a much older age group then my own. Philosophy

A Novel IS Fiction

A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction A Novel IS Fiction By Maeve Maddox Ive noticed that some people talk about fiction novels. A novel IS fiction. One can talk about writing a novel OR about writing fiction. To combine the two is to wear a belt with suspenders. (Another example of reluctance to let the word do the work.) In writing terms, fiction is any non-factual narrative composition. It may be short or long. It may contain historical or scientific facts, and it may describe characters named for historical personages, but the conversations and treatment of events are understood to have been made up by the author. Fiction may be written in various lengths. Here are some guidelines. A short story is a fictional narrative of no longer than 20,000 words and no shorter than 1,000. Most short stories run between 3,000 and 10,000 words so that they may be read at a single sitting. A novelette is a fictional narrative of from 7,500 to 17,500 words in length. A novella is a fictional narrative between 17,500 and 40,000 words. A recent fad called flash fiction concerns itself with the writing of extremely short narratives. People disagree as to the length of flash fiction. The only point of agreement is that it is shorter than the traditional short story, no longer than 2,000 words. Most flash fiction is between 250 and 1,000 words. Various terms for these very short narratives are in use. The oldest is short short story. More recently one hears postcard fiction, micro-fiction, micro-story, and sudden fiction. Some websites now feature what are called one sentence stories. The ones Ive read dont appear to be anything more than well-crafted sentences one would expect to find in a conventional story. They tend to be descriptive and anecdotal, but not true stories. Finally there is the novel, a long fictional narrative that can be from 60,000-100,000 words. For some authors 100,000 words are not enough: James Joyce, Ulysses: 250,000 words (It only seems longer.) Victor Hugo, Les Miserables: 513,000 words. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace: 460,000 words in the original; 560,000 words in English translation. Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged: 645,000 words. Samuel Richardson, Clarissa: 969,000 words. (English majors have to read this early example of an epistolary novela story told as a collection of letters.) AND THE WINNER IS Marcel Proust, A la recherche du temps perdu (In English Remembrance of Things Past/In Search of Lost Time): 1.5 million words published in 13 volumes. NOTE: the above Wikipedia quotation has since been corrected to read 1.5 million words published in 7 volumes. Proust was still working on this 7-volume monument when he died. The first English translation, by Scott Moncrief, was published in 12 volumes. Publishing history of A la recherche du temps perdu. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†Plurals of Proper Names

Modern Knowledge Management Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Modern Knowledge Management Practices - Essay Example Knowledge is nowadays increasingly becoming an ultimate competitive advantage either replacing or complementing such traditional sources of success as technologies, marketing mix, and often even financial resources (Malhotra, 1998). Modern business history lists a number of instances when knowledge-centred management has helped create competitive advantage of organisations and even countries formerly limited in financial and other resources. For Microsoft, Dell, IBM (which is believed to be one of the founders of the paradigm), Compaq, British Airways, Ryan Air and other major organisations knowledge management has become the cornerstone of success. The same is true for such countries as South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong which rely on the national knowledge economy. Over the last two decades, organizations have often been described in terms of knowledge and learning with the help of such concepts as "learning organisation", "intellectual capital", "people-centred approach" or "knowledge based management". Cakar and Bititci (2001) perfectly summarise this trend in the following statement: "1980s were all about automation. In the manufacturing industry FMS, FAS, Robots, AGV'S etc. were commonplace. The 1990s have been about people, this is evident in the development of concepts throughout the 90's focusing on delegation, involvement, ownership cross functional teamwork, self managed works teams and so on The needs of modern business emphasize the role and importance of people and knowledge" (p.2). The ideas of Peter Drucker (1994), whom was the first to use term 'knowledge worker', became widely recognised in 1980s, particularly the idea that investments in human resources were increasingly becoming more cost-efficient than investments in machines. In 1986, European knowledge management pioneer Karl-Erik Sveiby described the concept of a "know-how company" (Doz, Santos & Williamson, 2001), and in 1991 the ideas of knowledge management were reconsidered by Ikujiro Nonako (1991) whom presented the idea of "knowledge-creating company". The 1996 could be considered the turning point in history of knowledge management: the influence of this paradigm became overwhelming in the developed countries (Skyrme, 2002). While earlier on knowledge used to produce goods, these days it is used to produce other knowledge and information: "what is specific to the informational mode of development is the action of knowledge upon knowledge itself as the main source of productivity" (Mishel & Bernstein, 1996: 17). In other words, the process of creation and sharing knowledge has become the key for strengthening the competitive and successful outcomes of modern organisations. Probably the main reason for such shift is the improved understanding of the importance of knowledge created and shared within organisation. At the same time, the changed patterns of managing human resources made the businesses pay more attention to tacit knowledge the employees possess. Main discussion Originally emerged in 1960s, the paradigm of HRM relied on the broad range of findings revealed by several outstanding organisational researchers. As Alan

Homeland Security for the Port of Baltimore Essay

Homeland Security for the Port of Baltimore - Essay Example With so much at stake, it is no doubt crucial to consider all possible threats a place like Port Baltimore may be vulnerable to and be prepared with measures to ensure the safety of the city, the people involved, the property and the security of the whole country. Ports are crucial for both, the security of a country and its trade and economy, as they serve as terminals with access across its boundaries. This opens possibilities for infiltration of illegal activities and products along with the usual trade. Thus ports pose a great threat of certain hazards or sources of possible disaster to the city and the country if left improvised. Of the many threats that enable U.S agencies to take effective measures for the protection of the country’s resources and vulnerable assets, the threat of terrorism has the greatest power, especially in the post 9/11 era. The possibilities of terrorist attacks via shipping ports are innumerable. With only six percent of the nine million container s entering the U.S, (Medalia 2) and fourteen percent of the 140,000 containers at Baltimore being examined for explosives, (Davis and GormanSun), it is evident that these portals to the United States are pretty much available to terrorists wanting to strike. It would be fairly easy to hide explosives in the eight to nine feet high and twenty to forty feet long containers that are used to carry the cargo transported between ports. (Medalia 2) Apart from being easy and susceptible targets, they are also fairly attractive in terms of results for such terrorist groups as well. With inflammable material that can cause a minor explosion to spread over miles, even a ten to twenty kiloton bomb could cause a loss of more than $1.2 trillion from direct and indirect costs resulting from the damage of property and disruption of trade activity. (Medalia 2). The destruction could extend to a radius of one or two miles, thus affecting the city the port is in, resulting in a comprehensive disaster. (Medalia 3). Another equally hazardous threat to the U.S port is Drug smuggling, which was the number one priority before September 11, 2001. The failure in the prohibition of drugs infiltrating the country may result in indirect facilitation of terrorist activities and a larger impact on the society by fuelling crime and disease. (Loy 156). According to statistics provided by Interagency Assessment of Cocaine Movement, most of the transportation of illegal drugs is carried out through the sea. (Loy 157) The third effective threat to U.S coasts and ports is the possibility of damage and injury caused by the mishandling of hazardous materials that have the ability to contaminate and destroy not only cargo and property, but marine life and the environment. All this can inadvertently affect the economy by interference in trade and recreation activities around the water front as well as health of the citizens of the port city. Provided that the forces threatening the security of port t oday are much better equipped than they were a decade ago, it is necessary to maintain the efficiency of security systems in the context of developing technology and update methodologies to keep up with the unpredictable and surreptitious approach of the possible enemies of the state. (Pike) Coast guard and customs and Border protection are federal agencies with the strongest presence in seaports. After 9/11 coast guard has created the largest port

Sunflower Incorporated management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sunflower Incorporated management - Essay Example Brands such as Frito-Lay, Nabisco, Pringles, Borden’s and Planters are determined to increase their market share through renewed marketing strategies of their products (Cummings and Worley 239). These imminent dangers to the company propelled the president of Sunflower, Mr. Joe Steelman, to pirate Agnes Albanese from a competitor. The new position of Director of Pricing and Purchasing was created specifically for her. Her direct superior was Mr. Mobley, the Vice President for Finance. The president and Mr. Mobley both gave her freedom in her position and to create rules and procedures as she sees fit. Her position as a new top executive of the company necessitated coordination with each region and this was made known to all concerned personnel for compliance. Less than a month from taking on the job, Albanese implemented a number of new policies that every region must comply with toward a standardized system for all regions. These changes are, first, financial executives must notify her of more than 3% changes in local pricing, second, contracts amounting to more than $5,000 must first be cleared by her office. Though the latter rule is in fact inoperable since majority of the items are bought in bulk and distributed from the head office and only 40% are from within each region. These guidelines, she decided, were to be sent to the regional executives through email and shall be implemented immediately and thereafter be included in the company’s policies within four months (ibid 240). Haphazard Changes The major mistake that Albanese committed is in coming up with new procedures without proper diagnosis of the needs of the company and... Sunflower Incorporated is primarily a distribution company which purchases salty snack and liquor and supplies it to various retail stores in the United States and Canada. The company has had an established system focusing on geographical location as its main consideration. The main unit of Sunflower has given its branches ample leeway in terms of autonomy since each location consists of a varied demand correlative to the predisposition of the consumers of their given area. Understandably, each region consumes a greater amount of one product over another. Where whisky and bourbon is a major demand in the northeast part of the United States, vodka, gin and rum is popular in the West while Mexican taste is replicated in the snacks distributed to the southwest. The company in its outlets in the two countries is divided into 22 regions where each has an independent finance department, purchasing department, sales team and a central warehouse. The signs were clear early on but Agnes Albanese opted to disregard them and instead obstinately carried on a plan which lacks procedural and substantive purpose. She acted as though time was not on her side and executed changes that are ill-fitting to the organization as it stands. She took the liberty given to her by the highest ranking executives of the company and despite the cautionary advice of her superior, Albanese proceeded with her plan instantaneously. There was no proper evaluation of all surrounding conditions nor was there a concrete plan of action that everyone is on the same page. Evidently, it is easier to say yes on email than to argue with the computer.

Liquefied petroleum gas

Liquefied petroleum gas Direct Flame Production of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) From Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Abstract Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a common household fuel used for cooking purpose in India. LPG is very rich in its carbon content because of its specific mixing components of predominantly C3 alkane (Propane C3H8) or C4 alkane (Butane C4H10) which provides a better chance of producing strong and good quality nano products like nanotubes, nanotubes nanowires, nanoparticles etc. In our laboratory a lab scale flame reactor is designed and developed for producing carbon nanotubes using LPG as the carbon source in the presence of air as an oxidant under atmospheric conditions. The design aspects and the best operational conditions of the flame reactor for producing carbon nanotubes are discussed. The nanotubes obtained were purified and were further characterized using SEM, TEM XRD and Raman. KEYWORDS: Carbon Nanotubes (carbon); TEM (Transmission electron microscopy); LPG (alkanes); Raman (Raman spectroscopy); XRD; Flame Synthesis; 1. Introduction Liquified petroleum gas (also called as LPG or Autogas) is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as a fuel in heating appliances and vehicles and it is increasingly replacing chlorofluorocarbons as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant to reduce the damage and degeneration of the ozone layer. LPG is a clean, convenient energy source, which can be stored as a liquid under moderately high pressure and used as a gas in commercial and residential heating applications. It is a common household fuel used for cooking purpose in India, LPG is rich in its carbon content because of its specific mixing components of predominantly C3 alkane (Propane C3H8) or C4 alkane (Butane C4H10) which provides a better chance of producing strong and good quality nano products like nanotubes, nanotubes nanowires, nanoparticles etc. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the amazing objects that science sometimes creates by accident, without meaning to, but that will likely revolutionize the technological landscape of the century ahead. Our society stands to be significantly influenced and shaped by carbon nanotube applications in every aspect, Carbon nanotubes have been synthesized for a long time as products from the action of a catalyst over the gaseous species originating from the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons [1]. Since their discovery by Sumio Ijima [2] several ways of preparing them have been explored. The CNTs have been synthesized by various methods e.g. electric arc discharge, laser evaporation and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [3-5]. Though researchers have been successful to synthesize multi-wall nano tubes they can produce only in milligram to gram quantities in a few hours. However as many potential applications [6-7] of CNTs require kilogram to ton quantities. Apisit Songsasen et al [8] have synthesized CNTs by means of catalytic decomposition of LPG on a Zeolite-supporting Nickel catalyst. Qian et al [9] have reported the formation of CNTs by the decomposition of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) containing sulfur in the presence of Fe/Mo/Al2O3 catalyst, Since this contains sulfur of a few to several hundred ppm, which can lead to poisoning the catalyst heavily, few reports currently exist on using LPG or natural gas directly for production of carbon nanomaterials, only Prokudina et al [10] has reported CNT synthesis from LPG by CVD method, but till date no information and literature is reported on direct flame synthesis of CNTs by LPG. The main challenge in this field is to develop methods to produce nanotubes on a large scale and at low cost. As Flame synthesis of nano carbons being a continuous flow method, in which flowing gaseous feedstock mixture could produce CNTs in large quantities it has several advantages like easy scale up, partic le size control, dual role of feed gas which serves both as carbon source and fuel, and in-situ generation of catalyst. Hence it is one of the preferred methods for bulk production of not only CNTs but also other nano particles and nano metal oxides. This method is very useful and is of widespread importance. Many groups have investigated gas-phase continuous-flow production of carbon nanomaterials using other hydrocarbons. These studies typically involve passing a mixture of carbon source gas and organo metallic catalyst precursor molecules through a heated furnace. In this paper we report the direct flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes using LPG and air as our gaseous feedstock in a diffusion type burner without any external use of a catalyst and synthesis at optimum process parameters. 2. Experimental The flame reactor (Fig.1) has been indigenously designed to produce carbon nanotubes at our university. The detailed setup and process instrument and diagram (PID) of the reactor (Fig. 2) has been discussed in detail in our previous work [11]. In general our reactor operates under atmospheric pressure. The measured quantity of the LPG and the oxidant reaches the ignition chamber where the partial combustion process occurs where the CNTs are produced. During the process we have observed the dark orange flame color which is perfectly in a spindle form. Along the entire length of the flame, its temperature was recorded using a K-type thermocouple where this temperature can provide some data regarding the growth of nanotubes. The soot thus produced is captured on a glass fiber filter (Axiva GF/A) with the aid of a vacuum pump and the collected soot is scrapped carefully and weighed and later heat treated and oxidized at 550 OC in the presence of air for 60 minutes to remove any traces of amorphous carbon impurities and then the sample is reweighed in order to estimate the loss of amorphous carbon as an impurity then the samples are later characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman for their quality. The total amount of thermally oxidized and purified sample from the experiment (for 30 minute run) weighed only 0.8g. 3. Results and Discussion3.1 Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis The samples were analyzed using Phillips XL 30 series Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) from National Center for Compositional Characterization of Materials (NCCCM), Hyderabad. From the Figs (3a 3d) we can see a dense growth of carbon nanotubes at various flow rates with respect to the oxidant to fuel (O/F) ratios between 0.7 1.0 slpm/slpm (standard litre per minute). The average diameter range of the CNTs from the SEM image was found to be around 200 nm -1000 nm and lengths greater than 40 ÃŽ ¼m. 3.2 Transmission Electron Microscope Analysis The TEM (Technai -12, FEI) images (Fig 4a) shows the presence of thickly packed multiwalled CNT with an average diameter of 150 250 nm which is still surrounded by traces of carbonaceous nanoparticle aggregates possibly caused due to the dispersion of the sample in the solvent. This can be assumed that the agglomerated carbon nanoparticles were actually protected by the CNTs during the thermal treatment, as the CNTs might have formed a net like layer covering the nanoparticles and protecting it from the heat and oxidation. Fig 4b shows a thick multi walled CNT around 250 nm in its diameter with lots of traces of agglomerated carbon nanoparticles which can be accounted for the presence of C60 particles which is also in agreement with the XRD analysis in Fig 5. The broken caps of the CNTs also reveal the disorientation and a defective growth of the grapheme layers as seen in the Raman analysis in Fig 6. 3.2 X-ray Diffraction Analysis The XRD (PW1830 Phillips) analysis was carried out using CuKa1 type of radiation with a wavelength (l) of 1.54060 Ã…. XRD (Fig. 5) of nanotubess produced using LPG-air at an O/F ratio of 0.7 slpm/slpm shows a heterogeneous crystallinity in the sample. The raw scan detected three strong peaks. The first peak at 2ÃŽ ¸ angle of 25.77O was found with (110) orientation of atoms along its plane with peak corresponding to graphite with an orthorhombic type of system and an end-centered lattice. The second peak at 2ÃŽ ¸ angle of 43.159O was found with (245) orientation of atoms along its plane with peak corresponding to C60 molecule with a cubic type of system and a primitive lattice. The third peak at 2ÃŽ ¸ angle of 83.475O was found with (112) orientation of atoms along its plane with peak corresponding to graphite with a hexagonal type of system and a primitive type lattice respectively. 3.2 Raman Analysis Raman analysis (Horiba Jobin Yvon T64000, Raman Spectrophotometer) was carried out only on the best sample (Fig.6) which clearly shows the D band G band respectively. The D band (the disorder band is well-known in disordered graphitic materials and located between 1330-1360 cm-1 when it is excited with a visible laser) it is expected to be observed in Multi Walled Nanotubes (MWNT). However when the D band is observed in SWNTs [12], it is assumed to contain defects in the tubes. The G band or (TM- Tangential Mode) [12], corresponds to the stretching mode of the -C-C- bond in the graphite plane [12]. This mode is located near 1580 cm-1. From the figure we can say that the nanotubes are in the slightly disordered graphite phase based on the D band wavelength present at 1349 cm-1. This D band also confirms the presence of amorphous state of carbon in the bulk sample. Based on the G band from the figures, there appears two peaks at 1560 and 1600 cm-1 respectively which proves the presenc e of multi layers of disordered graphene sheets. On analyzing the level of graphitization using the D and G band intensities ratio, we find that the sample is normally well graphitized with small degree of crystallinity and its ID/IG ratio was found to be around 0.939. 4. Conclusions Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a versatile group of applied chemicals with high degree of applications on larger scale in various disciplines. The synthesis, purification and the cost still remains an un-doubted debate around the world hence an economical approach is to be developed in order to produce large amounts of good quality CNTs from an economical and a resourceful fuel. LPG as a general commodity plays a major role since its availability in India is high and it is a very economical source of fuel as well. Here, we were able to successfully synthesize semicrystalline, CNTs from LPG with an average diameter of 100 500 nm using the direct flame synthesis approach. References [1]. Bharat Bhushan, Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 2004, Chap: 3, pp 39 40. [2]. S. Iijima, Nature 354, (1991), 56. [3]. T.W. Ebbesen and P.M. Ajayan, Nature 358, (1992), 220. [4]. T. Guo, P. Nikolaev, A.G. Rinzler, D. Tomanek, D.T. Colbert and R.E. Smalley, J. Phys. Chem. 99, (1995), 10694. [5]. J. Kong, A. M. Cassell and H.J. Dai, Chem.Phys. Lett. 292, (1998), 567. [6]. Zhou X T, Lai H L, Peng H Y, Au F C K, Liao L S, Wang N, Bello I, Lee C S, Lee S T, Chem Phys Lett 318, (2000), 58 62. [7]. Zhou X T, Wang N, Au F C K, Lai H L, Peng H Y, Bello I, Lee C S, Lee S T, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 286 (2000) 119 -124. [8]. Apisit Songsasen and Paranchai Pairgreethaves, the Kasetsart Journal. (Natural. Sciences) Number 3, 35, (2001), 354 359. [9]. W. Qian, H. Yu, F. Wei, Q. Zhang and W.Wang, Carbon 40, Issue 15, (2002), 2968-2970. [10]. N.A. Prokudina, E.R. Shishchenko, O.S. Joo, D.Y. Kim and S.H. Han, Advanced Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 19, (2000), 1444 1447. [11]. Vivek Dhand, J.S Prasad, M. Venkateswara Rao, K. Naga Mahesh, L. Anupama, V. Himabindu, Anjaneyulu Yerramilli, V.S. Raju, A.A. Sukumar Indian Journal of Engg Mat. Sci, 14, (2007), 240-252. [12]. http://www.jobinyvon.com/usadivisions/Raman/applications/Carbon03.pdf

James Gregory :: essays research papers fc

James Gregory is described as "the greatest scientist associated it St. Andrews". Gregory contributed many diverse consepts and helped spread the new teachings of his time. CHILDHOOD & EDUCATION James Gregory was born in a small town just outside of Aberdeen, called Drmoak, Scotland. When he was little James suffered from quartan fever for a year and a half. Because of the fever he was afflicted with fevers in 72 hour intervals. His mother introduced basic math and geometry at a very young age. Gregory was home schooled untill his fater, a wealthy minister, died when James was about 13 years old. After his father died, his older brother, David, sent him to grammar school in Aberdeed. After finishing grammar school James attended Marischal College, Aberdeen University. MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS Shortly after college he began to study optics and the construction of telescopes, and wrote his first book, Optica Promota ^1. In 1663 James went to London where he published Optica Promota, which discussed topics such as lenses, mirrors, reflection and refraction, paralax and transits. Optica Promota also discussed Gregory's most famous invention, the reflective telescope. It later became known and the Gregorian Telescope. However, at the time the telescope was only discussed because the mirror polishers could not polish the mirrors properly, so it was never auctually made untill after Gregory's death. He laso invented the feflective burning mirror. In 1664 James went to Puda, Italy and studied under Stefano degli Angeli in geometry, mechanics, and astronomy. While he was there, the published two more worksVera circuli et hyperbolae in which James showed how to compute logarithms by finding the areas of inscribed parallelograms between a hyperbola and its asymptotes, thus leading t o the term "hyperbolic logarithms" in 1667. ^2 And Geometriae para universalis where he attempted to prove that the (little shape thingy that i cant type ...looks like a n mixed with pi) and e are transcendual, unfortunatly, his arguments contained a subtle error which was published in 1668, right before he left Italy for London. In 1668, he was elected as a member of the Royal Society of London. James was appointed the chair professor of mathematics at the University of St. Andrewsin 1669 where he greatly improved the mathematics department. He bought instruments such as clocks, astrolabes, and an armillary spere, he also planned an observatory. However, the masters of the university began to dislike Gregory's new teachings.

Develop Positive Relationships with Children, Young People

Unit 028 Develop Positive Relationships with Children, Young People And Others Involved in their Care. Be able to develop positive relationships with children and young people. Outcome 1. 1 Explain why positive relationships with children and young people are important and how these are built and maintained. Having good communication skills will help us to develop better relationships, especially with younger people. Some students who lack in confidence may find it hard to communicate at all with us, so if we come across to that pupil in a positive and gentle manner they are more likely to open up to us and talk.We would not like to be spoken to in a negative way so therefore we should also be careful of how we speak to others too. Non verbal communication can also develop positive relationships for example, if I feel that a pupil is coping in lesson without me being sat next to them all the time, a simple smile to them across the classroom will show them that I am there should they need my help, but also show that I’m not pressurising them by being at their side constantly. This would help the students confidence in working alone.Another reason for effective communication is that if a pupil has had a problem in a previous lesson with another pupil you may not be aware of this. It could then possibly continue and escalate into something more at a later time. Being informed by talking to teachers or support staff at the previous lesson they can tell you of the situation. This therefore would mean that you can keep a closer eye on that particular pupil and should anything occur later in the day you could intervene.Talking to the pupil and letting them know you are aware of the situation will also make them feel more at ease in the classroom and putting their mind at rest. Positive relationships are extremely important if you want the child to thrive and grow within the setting. Being a positive role model is essential as the child needs to feel secure in y our care. If a positive relationship has been formed, it makes it easier to work with the child to develop in all kinds of areas, such as speech and language.The more you interact with a child with positive gestures, comments and actions and body language, the more they will relax in your company and feel they can and want to talk to you, open up with feelings and requests and join in activities. This in turn makes for a happy child. To establish a respectful, professional relationship, I would be friendly and approachable along with aiming to build trust with the child in the long term.It is vital to be positive and give lots of praise and encouragement in order to help increase the child’s self confidence yet still maintain consistent, clear boundaries together with appropriate sanctions as required. In order to promote effective interactions with other children, it is important to be a positive role model. This would help to encourage positive behaviour, and promote effect ive social skills. Some children may not have a positive role model at home, which makes it even more important to set a good example for them to follow.Treat everyone fairly and be aware of your own approach-a negative attitude can have a negative impact on the children. In the case of adult, then mutual respect is key-be polite, friendly and speak as you would wish to be spoken to. Being a team player and offering to help others is beneficial in building effective relationships. Likewise, sharing information or giving feedback is essential, ensuring it is given at an appropriate time and place. It is essential to bear in mind the child’s age and previous experience throughout any interaction with the child.Patience would be needed to help build the child’s relationship with peers and adults alongside close liaison with the child’s parents. Try to see things from their perspective, speak using age appropriate language and use paraphrasing to aid understanding. Use positive body language, eye contact and listen to what they are saying. Ask open ended questions to learn what the child is interested in and use that information to help involve them in class activities to help them to integrate with the other children.It may be useful to appoint a suitable classmate to be a â€Å"buddy† for the new child to make it easier for them to mix with other children and form friendships. Early intervention means intervening as soon as possible to tackle problems that have already emerged for children and young people. It means that it targets specific children who have an identified need for additional support once their problems have already begun to develop but therefore they become more serious. There are numerous intervention services that are provided through schools namely SENCO, speech and language therapy, social workers and educational psychologists etc.At the beginning of the process the teacher will be aware which children may potenti ally be in need of some additional support. The teacher will monitor the situation by observing, ensuring that the teaching is appropriate, plus being aware of the developmental stages that the children should be at or working towards. Children are assessed using the National Curriculum levels for that age group. Children can be grouped according to ability and can work in smaller groups within the classroom.A variety of intervention strategies can be implemented for those who need it i. e. additional support in the classroom, reading to staff more regularly, additional focus on their writing in small groups, targets can be given (as an ability group or as an individual). This aids the learner in being clear on what they have already achieved and where their learning is headed. This is a positive position as it gives the learner ownership of their specific requirements and a knowledge that they are being supported throughout their additional journey.

Perception of Women in Advertising Research Paper Example

Perception of Women in Advertising Research Paper Example Perception of Women in Advertising Paper Perception of Women in Advertising Paper Advertising Print advertising often portrays females as sex objects. Women are used through sex appeal to sell products that may attract males. An issue that results in this method of advertising could result In violent sexual acts that enable violence against women. The provocative clothing that women where In print ads encourage no respect from males because the women themselves are not respecting their bodies privacy. Women seek to be treated as more than sex objects, but males view these ads and e the way females are presenting themselves through the media. Media has changed over the years and is now hooked on this idea that sex appeals to young adults. They use it in commercials, advertisements, magazines and even TV shows. Sex In advertising is pornographic because It dehumidifies and objectifies people, especially woman and because It fetishists products, Imbues them with an erotic charge which dooms us to disappointment since products never can fulfill our sexual desires or meet our emotional needs (Kilojoules 594). We go out and get push up bras because theyre sexy and will make your boobs look better, but one must think does that really make us feel better having all that padding. Maybe under a shirt it looks good but it doesnt meet our emotional needs. One may make the counter argument that advertisements arent what Is causing the sexual Identities of men and women to come closer but that popular culture such as music and movies are the culprit. How the makers of the movies and music we listen to appear has a great effect on what we find desirable. It is popular culture that has the major influence on our society, not advertisements. Axe shower gels aid is one example of how advertisers portray as a sexual object women. As one examines the ad the first thing that catches ones eye would be the girl basically naked but she has whip cream covering her chest. Then the eye travels to the guy taking a shower and using axe shower gel. One would move on to the ads slogan which states The cleaner you are, the dirtier you get. The last thing that catches the eye would notice which is under he slogan which axe states that their formula is new and improved. Advertisements are everywhere. Whether youre watching television or reading a magazine, an advertisement is sure to pop up somewhere. The ad is aiming to sell Axe shower gel for men. It Is telling men If they use their product It will make them cleaner. Therefore, making them cleaner leads to them being dirtier In the bedroom. Glenn guys the expectation that because they smell nice they will take someone home, and when they dont theres disappointment for not meeting our sexual desires. Through this advertisement, Axe is promoting idea that they can help a straight young male out his lady problems with stereotypes and body wash which makes this a false leading advertisement. In the past few years, anta-advertising activists have taken to ten streets t II really. In Washington, Tort example, a Tenements group called women Fighting Back has slapped a sticker on the Cool-ad reading, Keep your ads off my body (Clark). People are fighting against the media and saying its not okay to sexually exploit everything. Although there are some people who Just dont care about their bodies being used as advertisement. According to Clark, Advertising experts have long recognized that individual elements of ads often become more important than the placement of the product. Ads depict who uses the product, how a family looks, what is beautiful and the roles played by men and women. Thats why blacks and women get upset over certain ads, says Duke University Professor William M. Barbara (Clark). This is so true because half the time when we watch these articles e remember the sexy thing the girl did instead of the product or the guy taking his shirt off. No one is really worrying about the quality of the product Just the status it will give them. There are so many issues revolving around the media but their almost unsolvable. One needs to turn around something that is so unfortunately socially acceptable. Sex does sell and our generation is so use to it. If it didnt work the products that use it the most for instance Axe wouldnt be so successful.

5 Sentences Saved by Em Dashes

5 Sentences Saved by Em Dashes 5 Sentences Saved by Em Dashes 5 Sentences Saved by Em Dashes By Mark Nichol Sentential adverbs (words such as indeed or namely and phrases like â€Å"that is† and â€Å"of course†), and their close cousins the conjunctive adverbs, or adverbial conjunctions (however, â€Å"on the other hand,† and the like), indicate an interruption of thought, and should themselves appear as interruptions. Because they are parenthetical remarks (the framing sentence would be complete without them), they should be set off by commas: â€Å"You must, after all, admit that it was a good effort.† If they are employed to indicate a new thought, stronger punctuation is called for: â€Å"They are highly skilled; however, they do not possess the level of knowledge you do.† (In each case, the adverb could also appear at the end of the sentence after a comma.) Often, though, the interruption in sentence structure is somewhere between comma country and semicolon stature: The phrase that begins with the adverb is something more than a dependent clause but not quite an independent clause. In these cases, the linking function of an em dash is appropriate: 1. â€Å"I thank them for putting up with this project with such good sportsmanship, indeed with such exuberance.† The phrase beginning with indeed is tacked on to the basic sentence to provide an additional, loosely related thought. Note the shift with an em dash, and follow the adverb with a comma to mark elision of a repetition of the phrase â€Å"for putting up with†: â€Å"I thank them for putting up with this project with such good sportsmanship indeed, with such exuberance.† 2. â€Å"There is a job to be done, namely educating educators how to effectively teach that wildlife conservation addresses quality of life for everyone.† The phrase that follows â€Å"There is a job to be done† is an explanation of what is meant by that phrase. The traditional marker for explanation is a colon, but an em dash does just as well. Again, set the adverb off with a comma: â€Å"There is a job to be done namely, educating educators how to effectively teach that wildlife conservation addresses quality of life for everyone.† (Without the comma, the sentence seems to refer to â€Å"namely educating educators,† but how do you do something in a namely manner?) 3. â€Å"They may also be judicially voided for being unreasonable, that is, unsupported by the evidence claimed to justify them.† A colon is often employed to set off a sentence from a subsequent clarification, but the adverb and the fact that the clarification is an incomplete sentence justifies use of an em dash here: â€Å"They may also be judicially voided for being unreasonable that is, unsupported by the evidence claimed to justify them.† 4. â€Å"Furthermore, a scientific conclusion is based on the past, i.e. previous studies that lead to present conclusions.† The initials i.e. (an abbreviation for id est, Latin for â€Å"that is†) gives you a clue that this sentence can be treated identically to the previous example. Note, however, that just as you follow â€Å"that is† with a comma, set i.e. (and the similar e.g., which means â€Å"for example†) off from the following phrase: â€Å"Furthermore, a scientific conclusion is based on the past i.e., previous studies that lead to present conclusions.† 5. â€Å"Ethics, on the other hand, is future oriented, that is to say a present choice is based on a future desire, intent, or consequence.† This sentence contains two adverbial phrases: â€Å"on the other hand,† and â€Å"that is to say.† The first one, a simple parenthetical phrase, need not concern us, but the latter is an expanded version of â€Å"that is† and needs the same treatment as the short form: â€Å"Ethics, on the other hand, is future oriented that is to say, a present choice is based on a future desire, intent, or consequence.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartTry to vs. Try andStarting a Business Letter with Dear Mr.

Implications of RFID technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Implications of RFID technology - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to discuss different applications of RFID technology and its implications on our society. RFID technology can change the way people realize business. Stores can create smart money cards that customer can use to realize their purchases. An industry that utilized RFID to create solution that customers wanted is the water park recreational industry. The enterprise Interlock created RFID tags that can be used by customer to open up lockers and to serve as smart money cards to replace the need to carry cash in the recreational water parks (Lock’em Up, 2010). The smart tags can also be used in these theme parks to identify the age and body specification of children such as height which may prohibit a child from using certain park rides. In the cellular industry companies have the capacity to insert RFID tags inside the mobile phones so that the devices can be used for payment system applications. The integration of the telephony and banking industry can further promote consumerism in the marketplace. Companies in the logistics business can use RFID tags to tag valuable assets in order to know its location at all times. The tags can be used for security purposes. The prices of the tags have come down a lot which has permitted many companies to take advantage of its applications. In the apparel industry company can keep better track of its inventory which can enabled firm to optimize sales during peak seasons. The total spending in RFID supply chain application in 2007 was approximately $1 billion (Ftc, 2005). Due to value of information many libraries across the United States and Europe are tagging their books with RFID technology. The use of RFID provides manager with a greater level of inventory control precision. This information can be used to improve their purchasing cycles. Some people believe that RFID

Personal and profesional development Assignment

Personal and profesional development - Assignment Example The management decisions of the learning process need to balance between the teacher and the student. Some decisions keep revolving in the whole process. Some of the decisions will come from the teacher who guides the student while some will originate from the student since they involve the personal values and what the student will feel needs inculcating in them. Although these decisions balance between the teacher and the student, some will entirely lie in the teacher’s hands. These may involve decisions with the study curriculum, low structure tasks lie in the student’s decision line and they may have the student rely the decisions basing on the teachers guidance. Three essential dimensions need involvement in all the aspects of training and self-management. These are planning, implementation, and the evaluation processes (David, 1996, p.3). Lifelong learning process stems from a system that develops in the student from the learning stage. Evidence to this determined by how the student handles and controls his activities and decisions during the learning process. The planning process runs and develops as the student grows and the time this person takes to depends on the level of experience and personal controls of life. Life continues in the series of learning processes that only end when one decreases from the world. The learning process continues and so the need to develop a person in life features and the needs that they may have on their life and planning. Self-managed learning is about the individuals managing their own learning. This involves dealing with taking responsibility for decisions in their learning processes. This involves the decisions of what they learn, when they do the learning, how they do learn and where they learn. The most fundamental of them being why they learn that leads to the answers that give the student their quest. This involves the students deciding the learning goals and objectives that help the

Picasso's Les Demoiselles DAvignon and de Kooning's Woman Essay

Picasso's Les Demoiselles DAvignon and de Kooning's Woman - Essay Example The title refers to the so-called Maisons D`Avignon, â€Å"the houses of pleasure in Avignon Street in Barcelona†. The painting nevertheless faced rejection from his close friends and family, because of its nakedness and carnality. This art was a good example of the African influence on modern European art. Many art historians have noticed the striking resemblance between certain African mask style and the mask-like faces of the five women. African art was used in this context, either as visual evidence for the spread of cultural traits from innovative centers, or as evidence for the social evolution of cultures; from groups which were capable of natural representation, to those which had presumably graduated to the mastery of geometric stylization and abstract forms.Picasso had found a source for a new, non-naturalistic way of representing the world and it blocks the real features of a woman. In this art, a woman is a significant symbol; Picasso represents her as a desecrated icon already torn into bits, and reveals more of rock foundation of sexiest anti-human and celebrates the control of a woman by man.Willem De Kooning was a painter and sculptor of Dutch birth. He was a leading figure in the abstract expression. His work is characterized by an â€Å"inherent stylelessness, resulting from the constant parallel exploration of divergent themes and techniques† (Marter 44). For two years, he worked on his art the woman 1 (1950-52, in New York), â€Å"an image which has become a totem and icon of the times†.

Brazils Communication Essay Example for Free

Brazils Communication Essay Every country has unique, distinctive ways in which they interrelate and communicate with each other within their country. A country’s means of communication can be verbalized through verbal, non-verbal, and interpersonal communication channels. In the country of Brazil most people are not Hispanic but Latino, although many immigrant communities are from Europe, Africa, and Japan. The official language spoken in Brazil is Portuguese; however, Spanish, English, and French are other languages that are also spoken in Brazil. When greeting they expect a firm handshake with strong eye contact. When doing business in Brazil dont be taken aback if they stand very close to you when speaking. Moving away may be interpreted as rejection. Brazil also uses many forms of non verbal communication. Much of this body language is comprised of culturally derived behaviors. When speaking to one another, it is not normal to take turns speaking. People will interrupt a conversation and will often speak at the same time as their peers. Another verbal communication pattern that Brazil practices is using first names when addressing a person. Also, one’s tone of voice is often high pitched when conversing with one another. Although daily conversation is conducted in a louder voice, it is not meant to express anger or hostility to anybody. In addition, verbal communication in Brazil is viewed as being theatrical and overly animated by other countries who are more reserved. In Brazil, physical appearance and surroundings are important and provide visual cues as to one’s status and tone of conversations. In many Latin countries, communication tends to be predominately oral rather than through written word. However, from the business aspect, when sending something in written format it is usually a good idea to follow up with a phone call or a visit in person. Over the last two decades, the telecom industry world over has grown and evolved at an incredible pace and has significantly changed the way people interact. Brazil Telecom offers long distance telecommunications services hrough some 8,034 million lines and 281,800 public telephones to customers in Brazil. Oi Telecom, formerly known as Telemar is the largest telecommunications company in Brazil, it was established in 2008 and has become the biggest company in Brazil on the Telecommunications sector. This company is present in 4600 cities in Brazil and it has influenced the price drop in the national level of the same services offered by competitors due to strength of its operations in the country.

Risks To Tour Operators And Tourism Tourism Essay

Risks To Tour Operators And Tourism Tourism Essay With the following information I have been asked to examine You are an established Tour Operator offering worldwide, long haul programmes that feature Africa, The Caribbean, Dubai, The Far East and North America. Each programme uses a variety of methods of transportation, With air being the principle method. You also use local rail and ferry connections and coaches are used extensively for both touring and transfers. It is an accepted fact that major accidents and incidents can occur during the operation of a programme. Task 1 Describe the major accidents and incidents that could occur throughout the duration of the programme described above. Task 2 Produce a detailed and systematic Emergency Plan that can be put into action to deal with any major accident and/or emergency. Notes You should produce one generic plan that is capable of being implemented for all situations. Do not produce separate plans for each of the accidents and incidents identified in Task 1 above. Your plan must be comprehensive and include contact and staffing requirements, in addition to the actual plan of action. Table of Contents  ´ Page no. OBJECTIVES: i INTRODUCTION 1 WHAT IS TOURISM AND TOUR OPERATION 1 Task 1 3 1.1 Activities in tour packages. 3 1.2. Tourism and Transportation 4 1.3.Accidents in tourism 5 1.3.1. Accident Due to Natural phenomena 5 1.3.2. Accident in the Transportation 6 1.3.3.Accidents due to Activities 6 1.3.4.Biological 6 1.3.5.Accident made by man 7 1.3.6.Common Accident 7 1.4.Result of accident 7 Task 2 8 2.1.Planning for Accident 8 2.2.Identifying the main accident and develop an action plan for those accidents 8 2.3.Give necessary training for staff and information for travelersStaff. 11 2.3.2.Information to Clients 12 2.4. Implementing and monitoring the plan 13 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS TOURISM AND TOUR OPERATION According to the World Tourism Organization Tourism can define as The Activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs (Mathieson Wall, 1982, p.1) Tourism has not been defined universally because it is hard to define if tourism is an industry and what factors make a person traveling a tourist. All tourism involves travel, yet not all travel is tourism (Mill Morrison, 2002, p. 1). What this is saying that you need to go somewhere to be a tourist yet you can go somewhere and not be a tourist, simply by visiting family. Travel refers to the act of moving outside of ones usual environment for business or pleasure Tourism industry can divide into 3 main categories. These categories are depending on the type of the travel. Domestic tourism When People travel within their own country come under this section Incoming or inbound tourism When people entering the country in question from the home country, this is a type of international tourism Outbound tourism When people travel away from their home country As we discussed earlier there are some main requirements that a traveler seeks when travelling takes place. Some of them are -Accommodation -Travelling Assistant -Information Assistant In order to assist with the travel arrangements, specialized travel services providers comes in to action. They are called tour operators, a tour operator typically combines tour and travel components to create a holiday package for a individual or for group of people. Sometimes there is confusion over the difference in functions of tour operators and travel agents. Tour operators are the organizers and providers of package holidays.   Who  makes contracts with hoteliers, airlines and ground transport companies then finally print brochures and advertise the holidays that they have assembled. Travl Agency Cultural Sites Natural Sites Destinations Cultural/Social Events Ground Operators Ground Transport Resturant Transport to/From Destination Accomodation Tour OperatorTravel agents give advice, sell and administer the bookings for number of tour operators. As by definition, tour operators design packages, maintains the relationship between the other parties. Consumer The Package holidays offered may cover a wide range of destinations, both national and international, and can cover a variety of holidays, such as cruises, adventure, touring, winter and summer destinations. Task 1 Describe the major accidents and incidents that could occur throughout the duration of the programme described above. Tourist destination is the most important component in a tour package. This helps tour operator to attract tourist for their packages. Following are some of main tourist destinations tour operators use to attract tourist for their tour packages 1.1 Activities in tour packages. Based on the type and the requirement of the consumer tour operator creates a packages. If the tour package is based on adventure tourism it will mainly consist of activity based tour itinerary. These activities are based on the tourist location they visit. As an example tour package in Africa includes a safari tour, in Dubai shopping and also safaris in deserts etc. Following are some of main activities that include in a tour package. These activities can be change by demand of travel group. And also it is tour operators responsibility to arrange these activities with safety measures. Safari tour Surfing Rafting Horse riding Hiking Nature walks Hot air balloon Helicopter tours Bridge jumping Diving Whale watching Cruising Historical Places Visit Group Events in hotel Shopping Cultural event Boat Riding Another adventure events 1.2. Tourism and Transportation Transportation is the method using for travel one place to another. Travelling is main part of any kind of tourism. No tourism take place without considering about transportation. There are four main transportation methods used when it comes to travel and tourism, they are air, road, sea and railway. Most of tour operators used following methods of transportation heavily for their travel arrangements. Air :- Aviation This is the most common method use for transportation within the tourism industry. This can be divide in two ways. International and domestic travel. Tour operators get this service through the travel agents. Ground:- Coaches and Rail These are the two methods tour operators used to travel tourist in the ground. Most tour operators manage their own coaches services with well manage staff. If not they get the service from travel agents. Depend on the size of the group coaches can be varied. Railway is mainly managed by rail companies. They provide scheduled service within the home country. Tour operators may reserve seats for tourist group and use this service. Sea :- Ships, Ferry This is the transport method heavily used when people travel in the water. Ships and Ferries provide link between group of islands, or islands and a larger land mass. Tour operators get the service through the cruise or ferry operators for their packages. 1.3.Accidents in tourism An accident is a specific, unexpected, unusual and unintended external action which occurs in a particular time and place, with no apparent and deliberate cause but with marked effects. It implies a generally negative outcome which may have been avoided or prevented had circumstances leading up to the accident been recognized, and acted upon, prior to its occurrence.(Wikipidea ) As described above even in tourism there is a big possibility to take place an accident during the tour program. Following are some major accident that could happen in the tourism industry. These accident can be divided in to several section depend on the accident type and location it happens. 1.3.1. Accident Due to Natural phenomena Its a common fact that natural phenomena cause huge accident and damages to tourism industry. As an example Tsunami in 2004 December results number of deaths in the coastal area including tourist who were there at the time when it happened. Following are some of natural phenomena identified around the world Earthquakes Flood Landslides Erosion Fire Storms 1.3.2. Accident in the Transportation When tour operators creating packages as described above they use various method of transportation to travel tourist. Following are some accidents that can take place while transporting passengers, Air accidents Sea accidents Rail accidents Road accidents 1.3.3.Accidents due to Activities As we described in this article travelers are participating various kind of activities in the event. Due to these activities traveler can face to these type of accidents. Animal Attacks Pool Accident Beach accident Falling down Overturn Boat 1.3.4.Biological Also there can be certain incidents that a traveler may face with following types of accidents, Communicable diseases Food hygiene Illness 1.3.5.Accident made by man In a destination there can be sudden attracts or picketing that a traveler might face in to, some of them are Political Reasons Incident investigations Terrorist attacks Tour operator goes bankruptcy 1.3.6.Common Accident Apart from all other following accident can happen to anyone including tourist at any time in anywhere, Meat with a robbery Lost in the way 1.4.Result of accident Accident always brings up the bad result. Following are some of results can occur due to an accidents in the middle of travel package. Dead of one or more in a travel group Injured of one or more in a travel group Trip Cancellation Group stuck in a location Illness of one or more group members Delay from a schedule time Economy problem of group members Lost baggage. Task 2 Produce a detailed and systematic Emergency Plan that can be put into action to deal with any major accident and/or emergency. As describe in above accidents are unpredictable and can occur anywhere at any time of the day. Since there are many great risks involved in tourism accidents it is commonly understood there should be proper measures take before those types of incidents take place. By which will ease the situation and avoid the panic among others. 2.1.Planning for Accident It is tour operators responsibility to give safety for their travelers till the end of their journey. Using good plan to response for accident can prevent or minimize risk for travelers. In this section we are talking about how to create a common plan to face above mention accidents. An emergency plan it can be divided in to three main section. Identifying the main accident and develop a action plan for those accidents Give necessary training for the staff and information to travelers. Implement the plan and monitor the progress 2.2.Identifying the main accident and develop an action plan for those accidents In this step tour organizations must try to identify and narrow down what are the possible accident that can take place in a destination and how to develop an action plan for those. Priorities for the action plan can be changed depend on the tourist destination. As an example tour operator must give enough measures for accident related to animal attacks, communicable disease or food hygiene on trip in Africa but less in Dubai. As we design a common plan for all of those identified potential incidents we need to bring forward the most suitable emergency plan that covers most of the accidents that can happen in destination. Following are the main points that need to be considered to complete in this step. The outcome for each point can be changed according to the destination. Point 1:- appoint a person who can be in charge when accident occurs. Every tour operator must have one or several people in charge to manage an event of emergency. Each group or individual must have a responsible person to lead them, in this case basically a guide can be used to do both guiding, that is part of the service a tour operator provide and in an accident to act as a trained helper by giving proper prior training to him/her Point 2 :-appoint a member or members from staff to response when accident occurs One or more members must be included in the response team. Each of them must be given different tasks, response team must consist of following members to support in the event of emergency Communication This members responsibility is inform the head of the team first and then if required to travelers if emergency occurs Supportive This member responsibility is to check equipment, records and other thing are safe and in order. Fist aid support This one is responsible for first aid support to travelers in the event of emergency. Tour operators must identify or train current staff before members select team or appointing them to act in an accident Point 3 :-Information is very important for every emergency plan. There for following information must include in the emergency plan. These details can be changed depending on the tour destination. Emergency assembly sites When an event of accident tour operator must provide separate safe site to assemble for the travelers. As an example if the hotel met with fire put travelers to another hotel. Evacuation route Always must have a backup route to travel for destination. Then travelers can avoid a place where possible to meet with accidents. As a example avoid flood areas. Staff contact details Every action plan must have contact details of every member in the response team as well as the important numbers of tour operator company staff. Emergency contact numbers In this section must have the numbers we can get help from in the event of emergency. As an example Police, Fire Department, Hospitals Warning message receivers In this section we are keeping a person or an organization where we can get further information regarding events of an accident or situation. As an example contact details of whether department, local police station. Point 4 :- To reduce the impact of an accident tour operators must provide sufficient equipment to travelers. In this point emergency plan list down the equipment needed for a emergency First aid kit Fire distinguish Life jackets When first step is completed tour operator must come up with basic plan to meet up with the accidents. It will list down all the actions and details that they must be prepared for in an event of an accident. Following table show a sample of the outcome of first point. Using this information tour operators can minimize or prevent the effect of accident to travelers. This emergency plan must be given and communicated well with every tour guide who coordinates the travel group. Emergency Plan for Tour operator à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.for destination à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 1 Head of responsible 2 Teams Name Contact Number Communication Support First Aid 3 Information Emergency assembly sites City Site à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Evacuation route Destination Evacuation Route à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Staff contact details Name Contact Number à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Emergency contact numbers Department Number à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Warning message receivers Department Number à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 4 Equipment Type No First aid kit Fire distinguish Life Jackets 2.3.Give necessary training for staff and information for travelersStaff. Even though tour operator makes a good emergency plan they need to involve the two parties that face the real situation. Those are staff and travelers. In this step main consideration is how to train the staff to face for accident situation and provide necessary information and assistance to the travelers. 2.3.1.Staff Training When it comes to staff training company must decide what kind of training is needed. Also company need to decide who, where and when these training to be conducted. Following are some of the trainings that members of the emergency plan must undergo to act wise and confidently in an emergency. Basic training Every staff in the organization must have an idea about emergency procedure within the organization. In this training all the staff will be trained about current emergency procedure in the organization. Following are some sections that are need to cover in this training Information handling Evacuation practice Basic first aid training Specialist training When selecting staff for the team, like first aid, communication, etc they need separate specialist training in those fields. 2.3.2.Information to Clients Before the tour starts tour operator must give information to travelers how to act when an emergency. Following are some important information that can provide to the travelers. Where is evacuation Places To whom they must inform when an emergency, like fire, illness, suspicions act. Also the contact details of staff in charge Where are the equipment to use when an event of emergency Apart from that it always good to display these information where ever possible to see to both staff and travelers. Company can use following methods to display information Handouts Display Boards Operation Manual 2.4. Implementing and monitoring the plan After above preparation tour operator must put this plan in to practice. Even through act perfectly right in company create emergency plan, does not entirely mean everything will work without any problems according to plan when in real situation. However it will help people in charge to practice and memories the things they need to do in an situation all though it always create problems when put these plan into practice. So tour operator must monitor the plan regularly and do the necessary changes to the plan. As an example if new evacuation point is created those details must update in to the plan or a member of an emergency plan leaves the operator new one should be appointed accurately. Anyhow creating an emergency plan that will be perfect for all incidents is like a never ending loop. It always goes in a circle. If there is something new or someone new comes in we need to change the plan accordingly that mean we cannot create emergency plan once and for all and use it, we need to keep on adding changes and monitor it constantly to make it accurate and effective. By implementing this kind of method can have a most reliable emergency plan for the operator. Training/ Information to staff and client Implement and Monitoring Plan Making Emegency Plan for Accident CONCLUSION Accidents in tourism is never a new or surprising thing to anybody, although accidents are common in this sector as many other sectors, tour operators must take enough precautions to minimize the impact of the accident as it will destroy the business they are involved and as well as the future of the industry, there for it is very vital to identify accidents that can occur during a tour programme and take appropriate steps to minimize these accidents and impact on those to the consumers, one generic way is to plan and implement emergency plan that covers most of the accidents and incidents that can take place while at a tour. For this, it is very important tour operator provides relevant training to the staff who are in and provide accurate information, facilities and support to minimize the impact on an accident to both consumers and to the industry itself.