On the Function and Evolution of Sleep Essay -- Biology Essays Researc

On the Function and Evolution of Sleep In the event that physiologists committed the most research time to practices people occupied with the most, we would likely have a full comprehension of the natural motivation behind rest. All things considered, people, except for most undergrads, burn through 33% of their lives in a sluggish state. Regardless of its central job in human and creature life, rest is, even during a time when neuroscience has diminished numerous practices to neurological instruments, still very puzzling. What procedures are occurring during rest that advantage the life form? Why invest such a great amount of energy in an inert and defenseless state? That these inquiries haven't been absolutely addressed is truly not an element of an absence of exertion with respect to researchers, yet rather of the troubles characteristic in considering rest. It is anything but difficult to watch the mischief that is done to a human or creature denied of rest. A rodent kept from resting will lose the capacity to keep up internal heat level and bite the dust in around three weeks, indicating no proof of physiological harm (1). In people, lack of sleep weakens thinking and stifles the invulnerable framework. Be that as it may, why this decay occur is less clear, and the object of differing speculations. This paper will attempt to clarify the capacity of rest dependent on what is currently known, and endeavor to reveal insight into the reasons and systems for its advancement. An examination of the control, and maybe the cause, of rest may best start with the nerve center, a level, even structure in the cerebrum that is known to assume a significant job. Harm to the back part of the nerve center causes sluggishness, demonstrating that when flawless, it continues sharpness (1). Conversely, harm to the forward portion indu... ...t proposes that a portion of the circuits utilized in tactile gathering and handling likewise capacity to set up and look after memory, and that the two capacities can't be accomplished at the same time. Rest goes around this confinement, and is therefore an all around adjusted conduct. WWW Sources 1)Scientific American In Focus http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 2)Sleep and Memory: Evolutionary Perspectives http://bisleep.medsch.ucla.edu/SRS/publications.htm 3)REM Sleep = Dreaming: Only a Dream http://bisleep.medsch.ucla.edu/SRS/rosenlicht-feinberg.htm 4)Birds May Refine Their Songs While Sleeping ,Science Magazine article http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/282/5397/2163 Extra Resources Conversation on Sleep Evolution ,Scientific American article http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm The Journal Rest http://www.stanford.edu/dept/rest/diary/

The Black Catâ€Plot, Symbols, Themes, and Key Quotes

The Black Cat-Plot, Symbols, Themes, and Key Quotes The Black Cat, one of Edgar Allan Poesâ most vital stories, is a great case of the gothicâ literature classification that appeared in the Saturday Evening Post on August 19, 1843. Written as a first-individual account, Poe utilized various topics of madness, strange notion, and liquor addiction to give an obvious feeling of loathsomeness and premonition to this story, while simultaneously, deftly propelling his plot and building his characters. Its nothing unexpected that The Black Cat is regularly connected with The Tell-Tale Heart, since both of Poes stories share a few upsetting plot gadgets including murder and condemning messages from the grave-genuine or envisioned. Plot Summary The anonymous hero/storyteller starts his story by telling the perusers that he was before a decent, normal man. He had a wonderful home, was hitched to a charming spouse, and had a withstanding love for creatures. Every one of that was to change, in any case, when he fell affected by evil presence liquor. The main side effect of his plunge into fixation and possible franticness shows with his heightening abuse of the family pets. The main animal to get away from the keeps an eye on introductory rage is a cherished dark feline named Pluto, however one night after a genuine episode of substantial drinking, Pluto rankles him for some minor infraction, and in a plastered rage, the man holds onto the feline, which speedily chomps him. The storyteller fights back by removing one of the Plutos eyes. While the felines twisted in the end recuperates, the connection between the man and his pet has been pulverized. In the long run, the storyteller, loaded up with self-hatred, comes to disdain the feline as his very own image shortcoming, and in a snapshot of further craziness, balances the poor animal by the neck from a tree next to the house where its left to perish. Shortly from there on, the house burns to the ground. While the storyteller, his significant other, and a worker escape, the main thing left standing is a solitary darkened inside divider on which, sadly, the man sees the picture of a feline hanging by a noose around its neck. Thinking to mitigate his blame, the hero starts looking out a subsequent dark feline to supplant Pluto. One night, in a bar, he in the end discovers simply such a feline, which goes with him to the house he currently shares with his better half, but under enormously decreased conditions. Before sufficiently long, the frenzy abetted by gin-returns. The storyteller starts not exclusively to despise the new feline which is in every case underneath yet to fear it. What survives from his explanation shields him from hurting the creature, until the day the keeps an eye on spouse requests that he go with her on a task to the basement. The feline runs ahead, almost stumbling his lord on the steps. The man gets maddened. He gets a hatchet, which means to kill the creature, yet when his better half snatches the handle to stop him, he turns, executing her with a hit to the head. Instead of separate with regret, the man hurriedly conceals his wifes body by walling it up with blocks behind a bogus exterior in the basement. The feline that has been tormenting him appears to have vanished. Calmed, he starts to think hes pulled off his wrongdoing and all will at last be wellâ€until the police in the end appear at search the house. They don't discover anything yet as theyre headed up the basement steps getting ready to leave, the storyteller stops them, and with bogus bluster, he flaunts how well the house is fabricated, tapping on the divider that is concealing the body of his dead spouse. From inside comes a sound of obvious anguish. After hearing the cries, the specialists annihilate the bogus divider, just to discover the wifes carcass, and on it, the missing feline. I had walled the beast up inside the tomb! he cries not understanding that truth be told, he and not the feline, is the real antagonist of the story. Images Images are a key segment of Poes dull story, especially the accompanying ones. The dark cat: More than simply the title character, the dark feline is additionally a significant image. Like the terrible sign of legend, the storyteller trusts Pluto and his replacement have driven him down the way toward craziness and immorality. Alcohol: While the storyteller starts to see the dark feline as an outward appearance of everything the storyteller sees as abhorrent and unholy, reprimanding the creature for every one of his hardships, it is his dependence on drinking, more than all else, that is by all accounts the genuine explanation behind the storytellers mental decline.House and home: Home sweet home should be a position of wellbeing and security, in any case, in this story, it turns into a dull and deplorable spot of frenzy and murder. The storyteller murders his preferred pet, attempts to execute its substitution, and proceeds to slaughter his own better half. Indeed, even the connections that ought to have been the focal point of his sound and upbeat home su ccumb to his decaying mental state. Prison: When the story opens, the storyteller is genuinely in jail, in any case, his psyche was at that point detained by the shackles of frenzy, distrustfulness, and liquor prompted hallucinations well before he was caught for his crimes.â The spouse: The wife could have been an establishing power in the storytellers life. He portrays her as having that mankind of feeling. As opposed to sparing him, or possibly getting away with her own life, she turns into a ghastly case of honesty sold out. Steadfast, dependable, and kind, she never leaves her better half regardless of how low he sinks into the profundities of corruption. Rather, it is he who is one might say unfaithful to his marriage pledges. His special lady, nonetheless, isn't another lady, yet rather his fixation on drinking and the inward devils his drinking releases as emblematically embodied by the dark feline. He neglects the lady he adores and in the long run murders her since he cannot break the hold of his dangerous fixation. Significant Themes Love and abhor are two key topics in the story. The storyteller from the start cherishes his pets and his significant other, yet as franticness grabs hold of him, he comes to severely dislike or excuse everything that ought to be absolutely critical to him. Other significant subjects include: Equity and truth: The storyteller attempts to shroud reality by walling up his wifes body yet the voice of the dark feline carries him to justice.Superstition: The dark feline is a sign of misfortune, a subject that runs all through literature. Murder and death: Death is the focal point of the whole story. The inquiry is what makes the storyteller become a killer.Illusion versus reality: Does the liquor discharge the storytellers inward evil presences, or is it only a reason for his terrible demonstrations of viciousness? Is the dark feline only a feline, or something embued with a more noteworthy capacity to realize equity or careful revenge?Loyalty distorted: A pet is regularly observed as a dependable and unwavering accomplice throughout everyday life except the raising mind flights the storyteller encounters push him into deadly furies, first with Pluto and afterward with the feline the replaces him. The pets he once held in most elevated warmth become the thing he most severely dislikes. As the keeps an eye on mental stability disentangles, his significant other, whom he likewise implies to adore, becomes somebody who just occupies his home instead of offers his life. She stops to be a genuine individual, and when she does, she is extra. At the point when she bites the dust, instead of feel the awfulness of murdering somebody he thinks about, the keeps an eye on first reaction is to conceal the proof of his wrongdoing. Key Quotes Poes utilization of language improve the storys chilling effect. His obvious writing isâ the reason this and other of his stories have persevered. Key statements from Poes work reverberation its subjects. On reality versus fantasy: For theâ most wild, yet most plain account which I am going to pen, I neither expect nor request belief.â On dedication: There is something in the unselfish and benevolent love of a beast, which goes legitimately to the core of him who has had visit event to test the irrelevant companionship and gossamer constancy of minor Man.â On odd notion: In talking about his knowledge, my better half, who on a basic level was not a little tinctured with strange notion, made successive suggestion to the antiquated mainstream idea, which viewed every dark feline as witches in disguise.â On liquor addiction: ...my malady developed upon me-for what ailment resembles Alcohol!- and atâ lengthâ even Pluto, who was currently getting old, and therefore to some degree fractious even Pluto started to encounter the impacts of my evil temper.â On change and drop into madness: I knew myself no more. My unique soul appeared, immediately, to take its departure from my body; and a more than mischievous noxiousness, gin-supported, excited each fiber of my frame.â On murder: This soul of backwards nature, I state, went to my last topple. It was this impossible aching of the spirit to vex itself-to offer brutality to its own temperament to foul up for the wrongs purpose just that asked me to proceed lastly to perfect the injury I had caused upon the unoffending brute.â On insidious: Underneath the weight of torments, for example, these, the weak remainder of the great inside me surrendered. Insidious contemplations turned into my sole underwear the darkest and generally malice of thoughts.â Inquiries for Study and Discussion When understudies have perused The Black Cat, instructors can utilize the accompanying inquiries to start conversation or as the reason for a test or composed task: For what reason do you think Poe picked The Black Cat as the title for this story?What are the significant clashes? What kinds of contention (physical, good, learned, or enthusiastic) do you find in this story?What does Poe do to uncover character in the story?What are a few topics in the story?How does Poe utilize symbolism?Is the storyteller predictable in his activities? Is it true that he is a completely evolved character?Do you discover the storyteller affable? Would you need to meet him?Do you discover the storyteller dependable

Udall, Stewart Lee

Udall, Stewart Lee Udall, Stewart Lee yo?o ´dôl [key], 1920â€"2010, U.S. cabinet member and environmentalist, b. St. Johns, Ariz. After serving in World War II, Udall practiced law in Tucson until elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1954. As a member of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs he gained a reputation as a conservationist and an advocate of public works. An early supporter of John F. Kennedy for the presidency, he became in Jan., 1961, the first Arizonan to hold a cabinet post. As secretary of the interior under both Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, he stressed government dam building to generate increased public power, presided over a vast enlargement of the national park system, and promoted laws protecting clean air and water, increasing land conservation, and preserving historic sites. He subsequently wrote a syndicated newspaper column, taught at Yale, and resumed his law practice. Udall wrote National Parks of America (1966), The Quiet Crisis (1963, repr. 1967) , 1976: Agenda for Tomorrow (1968), and The Myths of August (1994). His younger brother, Morris King Mo Udall, 1922â€"98, succeeded him in Congress (1961â€"91). His son Thomas Udall, 1948â€", was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from New Mexico in 1998 and has been a U.S. senator since 2009. Mo Udall's son Mark Udall, 1950â€", was also first elected to the House of Representatives, from Colorado, in 1998 and has been a U.S. senator since 2009. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

The importance of nonverbal communication in the medical...

The importance of nonverbal communication in the medical profession Communication skills are quite essential in civilized societies. This is due to their numerous conventions in different aspects of life. These skills do not only involve the verbal side but also the nonverbal side. Nonverbal communication importance used to be neglected by individuals in the past. However, in recent years, people are starting to recognize their crucial roles in their daily lives. They are now more interested in the nonverbal phenomenon. Nonverbal communication is dominated by emotions. It is a method of conveying ones feeling including body postures, facial expressions and even physical contact. Although nonverbal communication might be associated with†¦show more content†¦This could be due to the fact that increased number of social interactions could indicate that these actions are forced rather than sincere. There are two factors that can determine nonverbal communication skills. The first factor is gender. Females in general tend to be better at dealing and expressing their own feeling. According to Hall, J.A. in Psychology Bulletin, women tend to understand nonverbal communication and facial expression in particular more than men (5). This indicates that females can decode nonverbal behaviours more easily than males. One reason can be that women might use nonverbal communication more often in their daily lives, thus it is easier for them to interact using this type of communication. Since females are considered to be quite good at judging nonverbal communication, they are less likely to suffer in their professions (6). This is an illustration that nonverbal communication can be influenced by gender and that it might differ between men and women. The second element is personality types. Nonverbal communication skills can also be affected by personality. It is generally known that individuals, based on their personalities are divided on two main sections. 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The Key Attributes of the Diversity Competency - 757 Words

The Key Attributes of the diversity competency It is necessary first of all to understand what is meant by diversity competency and the key attributes of the diversity competency. The diversity competency includes knowledge, skills, and abilities to value unique individual, group, and organizational characteristics, embrace such characteristics as potential sources of strength, and appreciate the uniqueness of each. The key attributes of the diversity competency include the knowledge, skills and abilities of individuals, teams, and the organization to perform effectively. Diversity includes many categories and characteristics. Even a single aspect of diversity contains various characteristics that may affect individuals,†¦show more content†¦The high employment turn over in a workplace , the less efficiency the employers gain by return. Sprint example is a perfect example for work-life initiative in a well known and successful organization. Hi Norma, I’d focus on the cultures competency have one hour open discussion on the other’s cultures. 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The Ethics of the Media Free Essays

The purpose of the media has become an ongoing question since the large amount of conflicts between the consumer and media. Why is the original purpose of the media so damn hard to figure out? It is time to confront this issue instead of blowing it off by saying, â€Å"We can never change the media, so why bother? † What kind of chickenshit statement is that?! If there are so many people with so much power, surely one of them realizes the downward spiral of the ethics of the media. I feel my sole purpose of this paper is to tell everyone my ideas and viewpoints on censoring the media. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethics of the Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ooooooo, censor. What a bad word that is when used in the same sentence with media. So many people believe censorship is a bad thing, but there is no other solution in stopping the â€Å"bad press. † When I sit back and look at the stories about stories that are bad and offending to someone, I realize something needs to be done. The media is out of control. True, there are many informing and needed stories, but, my god, how many times a day to we need to hear and read about how much money O. J. Simpson has to pay the family of Ronald Goldman? We, as consumers, need to sit back and ask ourselves, â€Å"What was the point of hearing or reading that story? Back to the censor issue. I, as an aspiring journalist, do not believe in total and complete censorship of the media, but also, as an aspiring journalist, I am embarrassed of some of the stories that are run, for instance, when the crime scene photos of Jon-Benet Ramsey were run in Globe magazine. Was there not anyone, an editor, a writer, or even a custodian at Globe who thought, â€Å"Uh, oh. These photos may get us into some trouble. † Was there not a single sole who had enough ethics to try and stop these pictures from being printed? This is where censorship comes in. If I could do anything in the world, I would first, stop world hunger, and second set up some guidelines and laws that the media must obey. Guidelines such as, no digging through peoples trash and no peeking in windows. Of course, we know that by law, there is to be no peeking in windows, or over fences, but there is no one at the editors desk to implicate these laws. There is supposed to be someone there to prevent these stories from running, but remember, their paycheck depends on how many copies are sold or how high the ratings are. This â€Å"censor person† needs to have a set wage. If there was someone to stop these types of occurrences, half of my problems with the media would be taken care of. This may sound like a lame solution, but we need to start somewhere. Obviously this is not a complete solution to these problems with the media, so the next step would be to start using the editors for weeding out the stories that are not giving some type of information that the consumer wants and needs to hear or read. This is also easier said than done. This solution also brings up questions like, how does the editor know what stories the consumer wants to hear or read about? That is the responsibility of the media. Let them take polls and give every effort to find out what we want. Journalism will only survive if it establishes a more valuable and clearly defined mission, (Morality of Mass Media, Ellen Hume. ) I could write a book about all the things I want to see changed in the media before I become a part of it, but I will not. There should be a line drawn so that the media can be punished for their wrongdoing. Many people agree that there should be a line drawn and like it or not, that line is called censorship. Our founding fathers did not want censorship on the media, but they probably did not think that the media would be doing such a crummy job. I do not want to say that all media is doing a bad job. Overall, they are doing a fairly good job, but there is still a large amount of dirty press that needs to be cleaned up. How to cite The Ethics of the Media, Essay examples

The Social and Economic Effects of Volcanic Eruptions Research Paper Example

The Social and Economic Effects of Volcanic Eruptions Paper Although there are many hazards on a physical geographic scale associated with volcanic eruptions, it is important not to neglect the havoc which also engulfs the social and economic world. Both social and economic effects occur on a spatial and temporal scale causing significant repercussions in a regional, national and even a global context. It is not only the initial eruption but the continuous secondary hazards, such as, lahars, pyroclastic flows and tsunamis that have the major impact on economic and social structures. It is these factors that are responsible for the great social losses in the sense of belonging and society, the human loss of life and the huge economic losses incurred from damaged infrastructures, business interactions and the general cost of re-building. It is therefore ironic that these great economic and social impacts often affect the most vulnerable people in the world. Global Economic Pressures The pattern of financial interactions between the industrialised North and Third World has significantly changed in the light of decolonisation. Demand in both agricultural and mineral exports dependant to many Third World countries has steadily declined, whereas imports have maintained high price rates, often leading countries to incur significant foreign debts. For example, Africa debt servicing amounts to approximately 40-50% of export earnings (ROAPE, 1990). Outcomes to such economic crisis and pressures has resulted in, on one hand, the intensification of natural resource exportation leading to further forestry and soil degradation, thus increasing natural disaster vulnerability (Tierney, 1992). On the other hand, reduction in public spending results in inadequate facilities; education, hospital welfare and safe infrastructures which are able to cope with natural disasters. We will write a custom essay sample on The Social and Economic Effects of Volcanic Eruptions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Social and Economic Effects of Volcanic Eruptions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Social and Economic Effects of Volcanic Eruptions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Increase in vulnerability of a significant proportion of the urban population to natural disasters. This results from the fact that property owners faced with such high mortgage interest rates simply ignore maintenance. (Ford, 1987) Social Aspects vulnerability to hazard warnings Although there have been several successful evacuations through effective warning schemes, e.g., Mt Pinatubo, Mt Etna, a number of serious social negative effects may also result. Within these areas many sick and elderly people died due to the communal camp living conditions present in the evacuation areas. Cyclonic rainfall compounded volcanic ash falls exacerbating the unhealthy living conditions. In other cases panic evacuation along with the threat of blighted property and falling price values also affect the social matrix of the target area. Consequently, the risk of legal action can even make prediction in such areas politically unacceptable. It has often been argued that mass and total evacuation could constitute a disaster with a greater impact than that of a natural phenomenon. It has been stated that traffic problems and accidents could occur on a Herculean scale, crime and looting, great economic loss and an acute difficulty in maintaining public services on a regional and national basis could occur in addition to the increased risk to public health. In particular risks to public health would typically affect the displaced population, often through inadequate sanitation, the psychiatric stress of uncertainty and anxiety. Consequently great social and economic problems are often incurred. This is often exacerbated in evacuation situations and when predictions are subsequently wrong. For example, in 1976 73000 people were evacuated from the Caribbean Island of Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles. They remained displaced for a three and a half month period resulting in huge economic losses and great social strain on both the population and government. The volcano never erupted with only minor activity observed (Blong, 1984). In contrast, the products from volcanic eruptions can be highly beneficial to society (fertile soils). In 1992, Cerro Negro erupted near Leon in Nicaragua. A thick layer of ash was subsequently deposited giving rise to economic concerns involving agricultural practices. However, within 10 months farmers were reaping the benefits of bumper harvests (Baxter, 1993). Such benefits consequently constitute an extremely powerful social and economic force. In fact it has been suggested that people inhabiting these high-risk zones for such natural benefits are gamblers by nature. Policy Response and Mitigation On a positive note volcanic disasters can be used to change unjust social and economic structures. Popular development organisations can capitalise on a disaster event to challenge and possibly change vulnerable, unjust political, social and economic structures; Disasters will often set up a dynamic in which social structures can be overturned, and relief and rehabilitation judiciously applied can help change the status quo; while projects will be the models will be the models in micro-cosm that can be used to demonstrate to government the possibilities of a variety of ways of working. (Holloway, 1989) Secondly, Andersons and Woodrows (1989) notion of rising from the ashes depicts the strengthening of local institutions and the increased capability of families to reduce their own vulnerability. Is just as much a product of socio-economic factors as technical ones. The best hope for a communities recovery in a disaster is to have a history of strong organisation; it is to this end that local institutions must direct their efforts. (Dudley, 1988) Thirdly, disasters provide an opportunity to develop effective risk assessment with good cost-benefit arguments for protective measures. For example, In La Paz, Bolivia the World Bank has been offering encouragement to the Local Authorities. They calculated that disaster prevention would cost approximately US$ 500 000 in 1987 and a total of US$2.5 million (US$2.50 per capita) was needed. This amount in cost alone is greatly exceeded by annual losses incurred through natural disasters (estimated as being US$8 per capita). Therefore with this minimal level of funding, disaster mitigation could be both affordable and cost-effective to La-Pazs needs (Plessis-Fraissard, 1989) In conclusion, the impact of volcanic eruptions will only be minimised when decision-makers become more educated and aware that there is no such thigh as a natural disaster; at most, there is a conjuncture of certain physical happenings and certain social happenings.

Essay on Proper Classicism

Essay on Proper Classicism Essay on Proper Classicism In reviewing the article â€Å"Proper Classicism†, the article’s lofty tone is well summarized in the second paragraphs opening statement â€Å"...the Howard Building at Downing College has been seen as a key monument in the current Classical Revival, which is being energetically promoted in certain quarters- especially as it has been designed by the self-appointed doyen of living Classical architects, Quinlan Terry. â€Å"Self-appointed† really seems to be the undeniable overture of the critique. As the writer drones on regarding academic architectural perspective, the reader is left rearing through a tidal wave of self-important ramblings regarding â€Å"etiolated Classicism... and Renaissance Greek inspiration. This article seems to embody the antiquated and elitist philosophies that often shroud academically embellished â€Å"peer† reviews. As every architectural detail of this college campus’s structure is analyzed, the review jumps from â €Å"Neo-Classical character ignored†, to Indictable Classicism, to a mention of the â€Å"Disappointing Interior†. Oddly enough, the interior is not â€Å"disappointing† because of its lack of innovation in use of efficient material, or design, according to the critic, it is disappointing â€Å"because of a lack of correlation with the exterior design and the essential crudeness of detail†. From the summary of this review, one is led to believe that the sole purpose of the development is to properly mimic a historic style and conform to a stylized concept. From a utilitarian perspective, this seems utterly ridiculous. Rambling on about the architects accuracy of a stylized perspective seems better suited for a lecture in art history than an architectural review. How are we to understand the ingenuity of the architecture or innovation of technical design, if all that is scrutinized is

Tips for avoiding negativity at work

Tips for avoiding negativity at work Even if you generally like your job, work is still work. Day after day of clocking in makes it easy to get bogged down with everything you don’t like. It certainly doesn’t help if your workplace is full of coworkers who make a habit of complaining. That said, negativity never made anybody more successful or productive. It can even prove to be a toxic and destructive force that can really impact your performance and career.   Rather than joining the chorus of complainers, try to be the person who walks into the room and lights it up! Here’s how.Stop bad thoughts before they ruin your day.Learning to recognize negative thoughts when you first have them is the first step. As soon as you feel a complaint rise up, take a second. Pause. Resist the urge to let the annoyance wash over you and choose to move on to more productive things instead. Once you gain a little distance from your initial negativity, you’ll see what waste of time and energy it is.Practice, in this case, makes perfect- it’s not easy to take that extra beat to shake off your annoyance. Once you get into the habit, however, ignoring it will become second nature.Change the way you speak.Do you find yourself using a lot of negatives in your speech? Maybe you tend to speak in absolutes: These lunch meetings are always awful. This guy’s work is never on time. Try easing up on those black-or-white sentiments, leaving room for hope of improvement. Don’t write off someone or something- assume there’s room for improvement and give people the benefit of the doubt. Everyone’s just trying to get through the day.Take action.If you’re all doom and gloom but are doing nothing to change your current situation, you don’t really have room to complain- at least not all the time. Take an active part in your life. Go talk to the person who’s annoying you. Go ahead and get that really annoying project finished so it is off your desk. Do something productive instead of simmering in your own mud.Give up on reading minds.Do you (mis)interpret everything people do or say in order to feel worse about it? If someone hasn’t responded to your networking request or Facebook message, do you automatically assume they don’t like you? Or if someone praises your work, is your first reaction that they’re just saying that to make you feel better? You shouldn’t take things so personally, and you definitely can’t read minds. So stop trying. You’re only causing yourself unnecessary pain.Try on some new shoes.If you only ever consider the world or any particular situation, from your perspective, then you might get stuck in certain negative thought patterns. If you’re angry or frustrated or annoyed try looking at the situation from a different angle. People act a certain way for a reason, and nailing down that reason can help you look at annoyances from a practical viewpoint.  You mig ht not find that you totally understand or forgive every person, but you will find that you waste much less of your day being grumpy about it.Be nice.If you are the kindest version of yourself (even when you are about to burst with grumpiness), good vibes will flow your way. First, treat yourself well- do nice things to brighten your day and change your outlook to something more positive. But also make sure to throw in a few random acts of kindness to people around you. It will make you feel better about the world and it will brighten someone else’s day. Everybody wins.

How Pathos is Used in Advertizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Pathos is Used in Advertizing - Essay Example Pathos are good at intriguing feelings and can play on factors such as fear, sadness, joy, humor and desires among others. One way to evaluate whether an advertisement put forth and one which uses pathos is effective is to establish whether t evokes a strong emotion for what it is intended. If it fails to, then the campaign itself may be a failure. The art, pictures, language, voice, pitch and words used, whether visible, audible or both help elicit a desired emotion and convince the customer to make a buying decision in favor of it. The existence of internet technologies today makes it possible for Mc Donald’s to diversify their marketing strategy to various individuals across the world. While certain videos may be expensive to air through the TV broadcasting system internet space is explored to appeal the consumer’s desire for the food products from the chain. On YouTube, the Mc Donald’s advertisement of a smoky Texan burger leaves the consumer in a great desire to taste it. It first shows two men seated on a cab, one leaning while the other one stretches on the bonnet and leans back on the windscreen; what is interesting here is how they seem to enjoy the Texan burger, taking one bite after another. One of the men describes its contents and size as a â€Å"big ol’ angus beef patty, big squeeze of smoky BBQ sauce and big bacon† and moves on to squeeze the full burger, which makes the sauce content to spill slowly on the sides (McDonald’s Australia). Just the content of the burger, how the two men are enjoying themselves and squeezing of the burger induces a feeling of the taste, which leaves the person watching with ad salivating and would desire to have it. As if not enough the advert uses an aspect of urgency which is common in pathos. It states, â€Å"Try a smoky Texan before it makes tracks† and by the end of the 14 seconds, the advert leaves an impact such that it influences consumer’s buying decision

Ethical Theories identified in (bazerman) and the Essay - 1

Ethical Theories identified in (bazerman) and the - Essay Example Firstly, utilitarianism is established on the principle that ethical choices should be established with their consequences. People always consider the probabilities of their decisions when deciding what to do. Furthermore, Utilitarianism is trying to do the utmost good for the highest number of individuals. Thus, Utilitarian approach is frequently used by leaders to ethical decision-making. In contrast to utilitarianism, Kant categorical imperative argues that no matter the consequences, people should always do what is morally right. Moreover, the word categorical means devoid of exception. However, Kent’s approach to ethical reasoning is the best-recognized deontological ethics. The deontological ethics argues decisions ought to be made according to our duties to trail universal truths that are engraved on our sense of right and wrong. Lastly, violation of these morals is indicated by guilt. Thirdly, justice as fairness guarantees equal opportunities and rights behind the shr oud of ignorance. Lastly, Communitarianism states that individuals should shoulder their responsibilities and pursue the common good (Johnson, 2014). In the study of any discipline, as well as leadership theories are important. The theories explain the relations among significant variables and concepts, organize information in a field and help practitioners and scholars to make predictions about the strategies that will be effective. Moreover, approaches to leadership theoretically, fall into one of the two classifications: normative or descriptive. Therefore, the descriptive theory describes the way leaders behave. Further, researchers earlier on discovered two fundamental dimensions to the styles of leadership. They included relationship and task. They discovered that while other leaders are focused more on building better relationships with members, others are focused more on tasks. However, the normative leadership theory advises leaders how

Judge Declares Microsoft A Monopoly :: essays research papers

On November 5, 1999, District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson declared one of the leading software companies in the world, a monopoly. The United States' government has what are called, antitrust laws, which prevent a company from having a monopoly on a market. The US charged Microsoft with violations of these laws, stating that they were thwarting such competitors as, Netscape Navigator, and other web browsers. The US justice department has accused Microsoft of being "engaged in massive anticompetitive practices." Bill Gates, owner of Microsoft, believes that the practices of Microsoft are in no way that of a monopoly, and are just forms of very aggressive competition. It is estimated that any sanctions that Microsoft faces will be appealed for years to come, prolonging this case. Judge Penfield has not ruled on whether Microsoft has broken the antitrust laws set forth by the government; and it will be years before the judge sets the penalties for these infractions. The deci sion of Jackson was announced after the closing of the stock market, and the market is closed for a week after this decision. This is good news, because many economists feared a large dive due to this recent decision. The court evaluated thousands of pages of electronic mail, and 76 days of testimony, and came to the conclusion that Microsoft was partaking in anticompetitive practices. Jackson stated that "Microsoft has demonstrated that it will use its prodigious market power and immense profits to harm any firm that insists on pursuing initiatives that could intensify competition." The government will continue this case against Microsoft and continue to push for the penalties to be presented to the corporate giant.

Marks and Spencer Advertising Strategy Essay

Marks and Spencer is an international multi-channel retailer that has been running for 129 years. It now operates in â€Å"over 50 territories worldwide† and employs â€Å"almost 82,000 people†, (Marks and Spencer plc, 2013). It’s dependence on its origin country; the UK is progressively being reduced due to its international focus. M&S’ UK turnover consists of 54% food and 46% general merchandise, including home ware, clothing, lingerie etc. It is currently growing its e-commerce and has expanded to the finance business with its M&S Bank branch. Clothing has been lately an aspect of concern for the company, as sales of clothing have â€Å"slipped back for the ninth consecutive quarter†, (The Guardian, 2013). This has created a 9. 1% fall in half-year profit. For this reason, according to M&S Chief Executive, they are currently working on having â€Å"more innovation and choice than ever before†, (Bolland, 2013). However, according to retail analyst for the BBC, â€Å"The company is too risk averse and is unwilling to break the mould of its traditional ways of doing business†, (Conlumino, 2013). The affordable fashion market in the UK has been described as â€Å"challenging† by Chief Executive Bolland. The fashion industry requires radical and innovative measures for success, which M&S has not dared to implement until now. Marks and Spencer’s fashion competition is becoming increasingly tough and aggressive. Retailer Next overtook M&S â€Å"as the UK’s biggest fashion retailer, in July 2012†, (Nairn, 2012). Primark, its older rival has â€Å"an expected 5 billion pounds in clothing sales in 2014†, (The Guardian, 2013) this is a very close figure to M&S, with the potential possibility of performing above it. CAMPAIGN STRATEGY Marks and Spencer decided to adopt a fairytale theme for its Christmas 2013 campaign, focusing on its men and women ware collections as well a their lingerie collection playing a strong role. The adverts’ message claims to â€Å"Believe in Magic and Sparkle† and is based on a collection of fairytale stories including Alice in Wonderland, Red Riding Hood and The Wizard of Oz. It encourages the audience to believe in the true Christmas spirits while taking them through a range of mind-blowing and fantasy settings that communicate the wide range of festive products available in the store. The advertising campaign was developed by the advertising agency RKCR/Y&R and also includes its Christmas party food range on the table set during the ‘Tea Party’. The company has tried to emphasize its quality by bringing to the advert loved fairy tales in a glamorous offset. Christmas is a key selling season for M&S and thus their Executive Director of Marketing & Business Director claimed how they wanted to â€Å"recapture the magical essence of Christmas that customers tell is synonymous with M&S†, (Bousquet-Chavanne, 2013). In terms of the media channels, Marks and Spencer â€Å"is shifting its marketing approach to digital first†, (Vizard, 2013). This means that its strategy is launching campaigns online (through Youtube and its Website) before the use of Above The Line advertising (appearing in TW or print), this is a way to engage better with its consumers. The campaign was first launched on the 4th November online and two days after the TV debut took place. The whole campaign had a very strong focus on engaging their target audience through social media, allowing shoppers to vote via Twitter and Facebook on a name for the highland terrier which features in its campaign. The main purpose of the campaign is to create awareness to their target audience and recover primarily in terms of clothing sales (increase them). Further objectives of the campaign are to attract its target market for a bigger range of their products. By integrating food and general merchandise such as clothes and home ware in the advert, M&S aims to take advantage of cross-fertilising across food and clothing, as opposed to other retailers. Finally, the objective of moving to digital marketing is to become multichannel and prove its ecommerce savvy, as according to head of digital store development, â€Å"A â€Å"frightening number† of M&S customers still do not consider it as a multichannel retailer when they are shopping online†, (Zuurbier, 2013). In terms of its target audiences, Marks & Spencer has always aimed to target different age groups, using its advertisements to expand the generations. By using well-known celebrities such as Rosie Huntington-Whiteley, David Gandy and Helena Bonham-Carter, it attracts customers from different segments, thus the main character Rosie can appeal to every woman, being neither too common nor too unattainable. However, although reaching out to an adult market segment with its range of winter clothes and festive feasts, M&S has widely aimed to target a younger market, thus engaging them in a wide Social Media campaign and well-known models. In terms of its reach, the M&S advert was broadcasted to a mass audience by using ABT advertising and OL advertising. It is currently â€Å"wining the Christmas TV battle in terms of social, with 58. 8 million mentions on Twitter and 160,000 interactions on Facebook†, (Kindred, 2013). The campaign also created a #magicandsparkle hashtag, which allowed the brand to measure further the impact on social networks, with it being mentioned over 3,500 times. The advert is available internationally with 948. 533 views in Youtube and British TV cannels. The advert was first launched on TV 6th of November and is showing at a daily basis currently and until the end of the Christmas holidays (2 months approx). The use of social media has been a key element in this last Marks & Spencer’s campaign for two main reasons. First of all, M&S are trying its best to understad consumers’ tastes and what they really want. Social media allows the company to ‘listen’ to what customers are saying in real time, thus having direct feedback and evaluation of their efforts immediately. Secondly, one of their main current objectives is to expand its online market share, thus they want to be perceived as a ‘multichannel’ retailer for online shopping. According to the head of digital store development, â€Å"A frightening number† of regular customers do not consider it as a main online shopping point, and social media through the campaigns enables a connection between the consumers and M&S online platforms and therefore a direct link to purchase. The media channels have played a crucial role in transmiting their campaign to the desired public. The shift on its marketing approach, by launching campaigns online and on social media before print and TV enabled a closer relationship with the online consumers and a way of creating an experience and a feeling with the campaign. The use of mass media by broadcasting the advert through british TV channels reaches most families that could potentially buy at the physical stores, whereas the online platforms reach audiences that could potentially make purchases at the E-store. The main aim of the campaign was to attract customers of all demographic groups and promote the new products that the company is offering. M&S image is in search of improved quality and consistency, and they wanted to transmit this to their audience. However, the key issue in this campaign is whether it really communicated a clear ‘message’ and whether it is appeals to the correct target market. M&S, being a multi-department store with different product and option offerings, should thoroughly consider how the different product rages and collectoos are segmented. Usually, M&S was using its ads to span the generations, always including different groups. However, by trying to appear as a ‘improved quality’ brand and creating an advertising campaign featuring actual and trendy celebrities, there is a high risk of detering its core group of older and more simple shoppers. In terms of attracting the younger audience, there is a high risk involved because this segment is yet not convinced about M&S products being for them, so the efforts to attract this dangerous and risky segment might loose focus on their main and loyal customers. A controversial question on this topic is whether the use of celebrities such as the model Rosie Huntington-Whiteley and David Gandy are associated with the image and main values of the brand. M&S is usually chosen by consumers who regard the brand as trustworthy, caring, straightforward and wise, being their old heritage a plus for consumer loyalty. Although the celebrity endorsement can create a high amount of awareness and the models can appear as desirable, the brand is unnecessarily being elevated more than necessary, and going a complete different way to its all-time values. It is therefore questionable whether the ‘all things to all ages’ appeal is reflected in the advert. The AIDA model can be used to evaluate the four main points of an advertising campaign, regarding Awareness, Interest, Desire and Action. The process is used by marketers to ensure that the desired result occurs from the campaign and M&S campaign follows all of the steps: Attention: By presenting the beautifully-made video with well-known celebrities it is catching the audience’s attention. The use of its fairytails theme can help purchases identidy the problem of needing the products offered by the firm to complete its christmas holidays. Interest: Once M&S had the prospects’ attention, the way to maintain the interest in the campaign was to keep the audiences engaged by creating social media activity and repeating the story in different media channels. Desire: In the desire stage, the range of products showed in the advert are exposed on a way that are tempting and desired by the customers, so that they want to purchase de product. Action: The final step was to persuade the prospects to take immediate action. By using online platforms, creating a direct link to purchase and by limiting the range of products to the christmas season, M&S is creating sense of urgency by encouraging action within a specific time frame. This call to action is essential for the advert to influence the growth in sales. Marks and Spencer has been suffering from decreasing sales throughout the last years, and instead of focusing on targeting a unclear market segment, it should promote its heritage and history, which is why it is stil considered to be number one multi-department store in the UK. The advertising campaign is beautifully made and has exquisite production values and gorgeous sets but it does not appeal to the right audience. There is an unclear linkage between the advertising and the heart of the brand as experienced by the stores. The celebrities do not represent what the clients are neither what they want to be, as they are unreachable and extravagant. The magical essence of the advert and the ‘high glamour’ that it wants to communicate has nothing to do with the brand. M&S should focus on one emotional point that can reach its most loyal clients, whereas this advert looses focus by trying to appear and image that is nothing to do with the brand. Even though M&S has captured a lot of attention, the call to action remains unclear, although impact on sales cannot be analysed until after Christmas.

Ambient Musics Effect on Sleep Essay - 1753 Words

Abstract Listening to music is a commonly accepted means of reducing stress and enhancing relaxation, and while studies exist detailing music’s effect on the human mind while awake, there is a lack of study on its effect during sleep. By forgoing research on music’s effect on sleep, the possibility of improving sleep through non-pharmaceutical means is reduced, thus imposing more expensive, side-effect ridden treatments onto people suffering from sleep problems. Since studies show that music is a positive stimulus to human emotion, one raises questions of how emotion changes during times of inactive thought and analysis of surroundings. This connection between human emotion and music inspires promise of enhancing sleep for people with†¦show more content†¦With pharmaceutical treatments leading to unwanted outcomes, other methods of enhancing sleep are made more attractive. By eliminating stress prior to and during sleep, pre-sleep arousal is diminished and the quali ty of sleep is enhanced, thereby reducing fatigue and other related symptoms of sleep deprivation (Niet, Tiemens, Lendemeijer, Hutschemaekers, 2009). The study of music in stress reduction â€Å"shows that music can influence human emotions and treatment outcome in a positive way.† (Niet et al., 2009). This association between music and stress reduction â€Å"has [also] been found to reduce circulating noradrenalin, which is associated with sleep onset,† therefore making it reasonable to further investigate music as a cheap, side-effect free treatment of common sleep problems (Lai et al., 2005). Prior studies on music and sleep are uncommon, but found â€Å"the magnitude of difference between groups [listening to music and not listening to music] was clinically significant and indicated 35% improvement overall in the music group† (Lai et al., 2005). While studies on the effect of music on sleep exist, and the â€Å"results indicate that music is a potential nonpharmacological intervention for the treatment of sleep disturbances such as insomnia,† there are issues in the methodology used by past researchers (Harmat et al., 2008).Show MoreRelatedMusic Therapy And Its Effect On The Quality Of A Person s Life1802 Words   |  8 Pagesthe ability to change lives in a very powerful way, and science has shown us that it can have a positive effect on the quality of a person’s life. Music therapy is a healthcare practice that utilizes clinical and evidence-based music therapy methods to address stress, wellness, pain, physical rehabilitation, and to improve a p erson’s quality of life. It can have a significantly positive effect on people—physically and emotionally. While the earliest known mention of music being used as a therapy appeared